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Generate QuizTechnology – MCQ – GK Questions
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Which technique replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents while preserving format?
- Encryption
- Tokenization
- Masking
- Anonymization
Answer: Tokenization
Tokenization replaces sensitive values (credit cards) with format-preserving tokens, reversible via secure vault. Used in payments, healthcare. Critical for PCI-DSS compliance and data protection questions.
Which standard provides guidelines for incident response and management?
- ISO 27035
- NIST SP 800-61
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
ISO 27035 and NIST SP 800-61 provide frameworks for incident handling: preparation, detection, analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, lessons learned. Critical for security operations questions.
Which certification validates expertise in cloud security architecture?
- CCSP
- CISSP
- CISM
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CCSP (Certified Cloud Security Professional) focuses on cloud; CISSP covers broad security; CISM emphasizes management. All valued for security leadership roles. Critical for cybersecurity career questions.
Which indexing technique is optimal for full-text search in document databases?
- B-Tree
- Hash
- Inverted Index
- Bitmap
Answer: Inverted Index
Inverted Index maps terms to documents containing them, enabling efficient full-text search. Used in Elasticsearch, Solr. Critical for search engines and content management questions.
Which program provides mentorship and funding to deep tech startups in strategic sectors?
- NIDHI-PRAYAS
- Startup India
- Atal Innovation Mission
- All of these
Answer: All of these
NIDHI-PRAYAS (DST) funds prototyping; Startup India offers tax benefits; AIM establishes incubators. Together they support innovation from ideation to scale. Critical for entrepreneurship ecosystem questions.
Which technique enables querying encrypted databases without decrypting the data?
- Searchable Encryption
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Tokenization
- Both A and B
Answer: Both A and B
Searchable Encryption enables keyword search on ciphertext; Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on encrypted data. Both preserve privacy while enabling functionality. Critical for confidential cloud computing questions.
Which framework provides maturity model for cybersecurity capabilities in critical infrastructure?
- NIST CSF
- C2M2
- ISO 27001
- COBIT
Answer: C2M2
C2M2 (Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model) by US DOE assesses/improves cybersecurity in energy, water, and other critical sectors. Adopted globally for infrastructure resilience. Critical for critical infrastructure protection questions.
Which skill is most critical for data scientists to extract insights from unstructured data?
- SQL
- Machine Learning
- Data Visualization
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Data scientists need: ML for modeling, SQL for data access, visualization for communication, plus domain knowledge. India's growing data economy demands multi-skilled professionals. Critical for tech career planning questions.
Which database feature automatically distributes data across multiple nodes for scalability?
- Indexing
- Sharding
- Replication
- Caching
Answer: Sharding
Sharding partitions data horizontally across nodes based on key ranges or hashes, enabling horizontal scaling. Critical for handling large datasets in distributed databases. Trade-offs: cross-shard queries complexity.
Which initiative aims to establish global standards for trustworthy AI development?
- OECD AI Principles
- Paris Agreement
- Basel III
- WTO Rules
Answer: OECD AI Principles
OECD AI Principles (2019) provide values-based guidelines: inclusive growth, human-centered values, transparency, robustness, accountability. Adopted by 40+ countries including India. Critical for AI governance questions.
Which pattern isolates failures in microservices to prevent cascading outages?
- Circuit Breaker
- API Gateway
- Service Mesh
- Load Balancer
Answer: Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker stops requests to failing services temporarily, allowing recovery. Prevents cascading failures in distributed systems. Implemented in resilience libraries. Critical for building fault-tolerant architectures.
Which protocol enables segment routing for traffic engineering in modern networks?
- OSPF
- BGP
- SR-MPLS / SRv6
- RIP
Answer: SR-MPLS / SRv6
Segment Routing (SR-MPLS, SRv6) encodes path instructions in packet headers, enabling flexible traffic engineering without per-flow state. Critical for scalable, programmable networks. Important for advanced networking questions.
Which emerging role focuses on ensuring AI systems are fair, transparent, and accountable?
- Data Engineer
- AI Ethics Officer
- DevOps Engineer
- Cloud Architect
Answer: AI Ethics Officer
AI Ethics Officers govern responsible AI: bias mitigation, explainability, compliance. Growing demand in regulated sectors (finance, healthcare). Critical for emerging tech career questions.
Which NoSQL database type is best suited for storing hierarchical data like social graphs?
- Key-Value
- Document
- Graph
- Column-Family
Answer: Graph
Graph databases (Neo4j, Amazon Neptune) store nodes/edges for relationships, enabling efficient traversal for social networks, fraud detection, recommendations. Critical for relationship-rich data questions.
Which factor is driving semiconductor supply chain diversification globally?
- Geopolitical Risks
- Demand Growth
- Technology Advancement
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Semiconductor diversification driven by: geopolitical tensions (US-China), demand surge (AI, EVs), and tech advancement (smaller nodes). India's semiconductor mission aligns with global reshoring trends. Critical for tech geopolitics questions.
Which architectural pattern uses asynchronous events for communication between loosely coupled services?
- Microservices
- Event-Driven Architecture
- Monolithic
- Layered
Answer: Event-Driven Architecture
Event-Driven Architecture uses events/messages for service communication via brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ). Enables scalability, resilience, and real-time processing. Complements microservices. Critical for distributed systems design questions.
Which technology decouples network control plane from data plane for programmable networks?
- SDN
- NFV
- MPLS
- BGP
Answer: SDN
SDN (Software-Defined Networking) centralizes control in software controllers, enabling dynamic traffic management, automation, and innovation. NFV virtualizes network functions. Critical for modern network architecture questions.
Which initiative provides a unified interface for citizens to access central and state government services?
- MyGov
- UMANG
- DigiLocker
- e-Taal
Answer: UMANG
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) offers 1,200+ services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, health. Multilingual, voice search, offline access. Critical for digital service delivery questions.
Which model defines shared security responsibilities between cloud provider and customer?
- Shared Responsibility Model
- Zero Trust
- Defense in Depth
- Least Privilege
Answer: Shared Responsibility Model
Cloud providers secure infrastructure ('security OF cloud'); customers secure data/apps ('security IN cloud'). Responsibilities vary by service model (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS). Critical for cloud governance and compliance questions.
Which Hyderabad-based initiative is India's largest startup incubator?
- NASSCOM 10,000 Startups
- T-Hub
- CIIE.CO
- Startup India Hub
Answer: T-Hub
T-Hub (Telangana) is India's largest innovation campus, connecting startups with corporates, investors, and mentors. Supports deep tech, healthtech, and enterprise solutions. Critical for understanding India's startup infrastructure questions.