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Answer: W3C
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops web standards ensuring interoperability, accessibility, innovation. India participates through W3C India office.
Answer: UMANG
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) offers 1,200+ services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, health. Multilingual, voice search, offline access.
Answer: Anomaly Detection
Anomaly detection (Isolation Forest, Autoencoders, statistical methods) identifies outliers indicating fraud, failures, or novel events. Critical for security, monitoring, quality control.
Answer: Time Series Forecasting
Time series forecasting (ARIMA, Prophet, LSTM) models temporal patterns for demand prediction, anomaly detection, capacity planning. Critical for business planning and operations.
Answer: All of these
Proportion visualization: bar charts for clear comparison, pie charts for part-to-whole (limited categories), stacked bars for multiple groups. Choice depends on data and audience.
Answer: Transparency
Transparency (Explainable AI/XAI) ensures AI decisions can be interpreted by humans. Techniques: LIME, SHAP, attention visualization. Critical for trust, debugging, regulatory compliance.
Answer: Multi-Site Active-Active
Active-active runs full workload in multiple regions simultaneously, enabling instant failover with zero RPO/RTO. Highest cost but maximum resilience. Critical for mission-critical systems.
Answer: All of these
IaC (Terraform), Configuration Management (Ansible), GitOps all use version-controlled code to define infrastructure state. Enables repeatability, auditability, peer review, automated testing.
Answer: All of these
Managed Kubernetes: EKS (AWS), AKS (Azure), GKE (GCP) handle control plane, updates, scaling. Abstracts infrastructure while retaining container flexibility. Critical for cloud-native development.
Answer: All of these
Resilience patterns: self-healing replaces failed instances, circuit breaker prevents cascading failures, retry logic handles transient errors. Combined for fault-tolerant cloud applications.
Answer: Data Protection Board
Data Protection Board of India (under DPDP Act 2023) adjudicates disputes, imposes penalties, enforces compliance. Distinct from CERT-In (cyber incidents) and MeitY (policy).
Answer: Both A and B
High-dimensional handling: dimensionality reduction (PCA, autoencoders) compresses features; sparse representations (L1 regularization) select relevant features. Critical for text, recommendation systems.
Answer: Both A and B
Time series visualization: line charts show trends clearly, area charts emphasize volume. Both effective for temporal data analysis and forecasting communication.
Answer: Both A and B
Managed API gateways (AWS API Gateway, GCP Endpoints) handle routing, auth, throttling, monitoring. Critical for secure, scalable microservices exposure.
Answer: Both A and B
SIEM platforms aggregate logs from network, endpoint, application sources, enabling correlation, alerting, and investigation. Foundation for modern security operations.
Answer: Both A and B
Fairness testing: bias audits detect disparate impact, fairness metrics (demographic parity, equalized odds) quantify equity. Critical for ethical AI deployment in regulated sectors.
Answer: RAG
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) combines LLMs with vector search over document collections, grounding responses in verified sources. Reduces hallucinations and enables knowledge updates.
Answer: Both A and B
Digital Public Goods Alliance curates open-source solutions; G20 DPI Framework promotes interoperable identity, payments, data sharing. India leads global DPI advocacy.
Answer: All of these
Digital India ecosystem: UMANG for service delivery, MyGov for citizen engagement, DigiLocker for documents. Integrated approach for inclusive digital governance.
Answer: Model-Based Imputation
Model-based imputation (MICE, Bayesian) models relationships between variables to predict missing values, accounting for uncertainty. More robust than simple methods for complex missingness patterns.