Science – GK Questions

Newton's law: F ∝ 1/r². Doubling distance (r→2r) reduces force to F/4. Inverse-square law applies to gravity, light intensity, etc. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a unicellular fungus. It ferments sugars to produce CO₂ (leavens bread) and ethanol (in brewing). Important for applied biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Oxidation is loss of electrons (OIL: Oxidation Is Loss); reduction is gain of electrons (RIG). Mnemonic helps avoid confusion in redox reactions. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

NDMA, established under Disaster Management Act 2005, is chaired by the Prime Minister for policy planning and coordination of disaster response. Important for governance and current affairs. [[NDMA Guidelines, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

EM spectrum order (longest to shortest wavelength): Radio > Microwave > IR > Visible > UV > X-ray > Gamma. Radio waves used in communication; gamma rays in cancer treatment. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Most mammals are viviparous (live birth), but monotremes like platypus and echidna are oviparous (egg-laying). Exceptions are important for taxonomy questions. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Phenol forms colored complexes with FeCl₃ (violet for phenol), used as a test for phenolic -OH group. Alcohols do not give this test. Important for organic qualitative analysis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Aadhaar is a 12-digit biometric ID for Indian residents, enabling access to subsidies and services. Part of Digital India initiative for inclusive governance. [[UIDAI Reports, NCERT Computer Science]]

Displacement (shortest path) is always ≤ distance traveled (actual path). They are equal only for straight-line motion without direction change. Fundamental kinematics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Condoms (male/female) physically block sperm-egg contact, also preventing STIs. Barrier methods differ from hormonal (pills) or surgical (sterilization) methods. Important for health awareness. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, MoHFW Guidelines]]

Adsorption releases heat (ΔH < 0) as gas molecules lose freedom on surface. Desorption is endothermic. Important for catalysis and purification processes. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

As per WHO and CPCB, prolonged exposure above 85 dB can cause hearing damage. Noise pollution regulations limit industrial/residential noise levels. Important for environmental awareness. [[CPCB Guidelines, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings, characteristic of wave behavior. Explains patterns in single-slit experiments. Important for wave optics. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone, supporting body weight and enabling movement. Critical for anatomy questions in exams. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

At dynamic equilibrium, forward and reverse rates are equal (not zero), so concentrations remain constant. Reactions continue but with no net change. Key concept in chemical kinetics. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

IoT refers to interconnected devices (sensors, appliances) exchanging data via internet. Applications include smart homes, healthcare, agriculture. Emerging topic for tech awareness. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]

Ohm's Law: Voltage (V) = Current (I) × Resistance (R). Valid for ohmic conductors at constant temperature. Foundation for circuit analysis. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]

Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells (gametes) due to crossing over and independent assortment. Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells. Critical for genetics. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and B-complex vitamins are water-soluble; excess is excreted in urine. Vitamins A, D, E, K are fat-soluble and stored in liver. Important for nutrition questions. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Shelter belts (windbreaks) are rows of trees/shrubs that reduce wind erosion, conserve moisture, and protect crops. Part of sustainable agriculture practices. [[NCERT Geography Class 11, MoA Reports]]