Science – Medium Level – GK Questions

RNA contains ribose sugar (with -OH at 2' carbon); DNA has deoxyribose (-H at 2' carbon). This structural difference affects stability and function of nucleic acids. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

NAQI has six categories: Good (Green), Satisfactory (Light Green), Moderately Polluted (Yellow), Poor (Orange), Very Poor (Red), Severe (Maroon). Helps public understand pollution levels. [[CPCB Guidelines]]

Food chains start with producers (autotrophs like plants) that convert solar energy to chemical energy. Herbivores are primary consumers. Understanding trophic levels is fundamental. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Female Anopheles mosquito transmits Plasmodium parasites causing malaria. Dengue/Zika are spread by Aedes aegypti. Vector-borne disease knowledge is vital for health sections. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, NVBDCP Guidelines]]

Rectifiers (using diodes) convert alternating current to direct current. Half-wave and full-wave rectifiers are basic power supply components. Essential for electronics fundamentals. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Pi bonds in C=C are weaker and more reactive than sigma bonds, allowing addition of H₂, X₂, HX, etc. Alkanes (only sigma bonds) undergo substitution. Core organic reaction mechanism. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone triggering ripening, senescence, and abscission. Commercially used for artificial ripening of bananas, mangoes. Important for agriculture questions. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

CO₂ has sp hybridization with two double bonds, resulting in linear shape (180° bond angle). H₂O (bent), NH₃ (pyramidal), CH₄ (tetrahedral). VSEPR theory application. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) uses indigenous cryogenic upper stage (CE-7.5/CE-20) for launching heavy satellites to GTO. PSLV uses solid/liquid stages. Key for space tech awareness. [[ISRO Reports]]

Test cross determines genotype of dominant phenotype: if any recessive offspring appear, the parent is heterozygous. Fundamental tool in Mendelian genetics. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Control rods (cadmium/boron) absorb excess neutrons to regulate fission chain reaction. Moderators (heavy water/graphite) slow neutrons. Essential for understanding nuclear energy. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Kaziranga (inscribed 1985) hosts ~70% of world's greater one-horned rhinos. It also protects tigers, elephants, and wetland biodiversity. Important for environment and geography exams. [[UNESCO, MoEFCC Reports]]

Balmer series (n=2 to higher levels) produces visible lines (Hα, Hβ, etc.). Lyman is UV, Paschen/Brackett are IR. Understanding spectral series is key for atomic structure questions. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

2FA combines something you know (password) with something you have (OTP/app) or something you are (biometric). This layered approach significantly reduces unauthorized access risks. [[CERT-In Guidelines, NCERT Computer Science]]

Bilirubin, a yellow pigment from hemoglobin breakdown, accumulates in blood due to liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, or excessive RBC destruction. Key diagnostic indicator in medicine. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Modulation (AM/FM) enables efficient transmission of audio/video signals over long distances by shifting them to higher frequencies suitable for antenna radiation. Core concept in telecommunications. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Contact Process oxidizes SO₂ to SO₃ using V₂O₅ catalyst, then absorbs in H₂SO₄ to form oleum. Sulfuric acid is vital for fertilizers, batteries, and chemicals. Important industrial chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts) need water for sperm to swim to egg during fertilization, though they live on land. This dual dependency earns them the 'amphibians' title. Key concept in plant evolution. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Phosphorus (Group 15) has 5 valence electrons. When doped into silicon (Group 14), the extra electron becomes free for conduction, creating n-type semiconductor. Boron creates p-type. Fundamental for electronics. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Project Tiger launched on April 1, 1973, to conserve Bengal tigers and their habitats. India now has over 3,000 tigers (2022 census). Landmark conservation initiative. [[NTCA Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]