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Which element is commonly used as a dopant to create n-type semiconductors?
- Boron
- Aluminum
- Phosphorus
- Gallium
Answer: Phosphorus
Phosphorus (Group 15) has 5 valence electrons. When doped into silicon (Group 14), the extra electron becomes free for conduction, creating n-type semiconductor. Boron creates p-type. Fundamental for electronics. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]