Create a custom practice set
Pick category, difficulty, number of questions, and time limit. Start instantly with your own quiz.
Generate QuizGK Questions
Filter by category, type, and difficulty. Reading is open for everyone.
The practice of monitoring system metrics, logs, and traces to ensure reliability is called ________.
Answer: Observability
Observability enables understanding system internal state from external outputs: metrics (Prometheus), logs (ELK), traces (Jaeger). Goes beyond monitoring by enabling debugging of unknown issues. Critical for SRE practices and cloud operations questions in technical exams.
Which data format is most efficient for columnar storage and analytics workloads?
- CSV
- JSON
- Parquet
- XML
Answer: Parquet
Parquet is a columnar storage format optimized for analytics: efficient compression, predicate pushdown, and schema evolution. Reduces I/O by reading only required columns. Used in Spark, Hive, Presto. CSV/JSON are row-oriented; XML is verbose. Critical for big data engineering questions.
Service mesh provides infrastructure-level features like observability, security, and traffic management for microservices.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Service mesh (Istio, Linkerd, Consul) deploys sidecar proxies to handle service-to-service communication: mTLS encryption, traffic splitting, retries, metrics, and distributed tracing. Decouples infrastructure concerns from application code. Critical for cloud-native architecture questions.
Which attack exploits trust relationships between cloud services to escalate privileges?
- Phishing
- Cloud Jacking
- Identity Federation Attack
- API Abuse
Answer: Identity Federation Attack
Identity federation attacks exploit trust between identity providers (IdP) and service providers (SP) in SSO setups. Attackers compromise IdP to gain access to multiple federated services. Mitigation: MFA, short-lived tokens, strict trust policies. Critical for cloud security architecture questions.
The Indian regulatory body responsible for overseeing digital payment systems is ________.
Answer: RBI
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) regulates payment systems under Payment and Settlement Systems Act 2007. Oversees UPI, cards, wallets, PPIs, and fintech innovations. Issues guidelines for security, interoperability, and consumer protection. Critical for banking and fintech policy questions.
Which practice involves automatically testing and deploying code changes through a pipeline?
- Continuous Integration
- Continuous Deployment
- CI/CD
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CI/CD pipeline automates: Continuous Integration (code merge + testing), Continuous Delivery (release-ready artifacts), Continuous Deployment (auto-production release). Tools: Jenkins, GitLab CI, GitHub Actions. Critical for agile software delivery and DevOps questions in technical exams.
A data lake stores raw, unprocessed data in its native format, while a data warehouse stores structured, processed data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data lakes (S3, ADLS) store raw structured/unstructured data for flexible analysis; data warehouses (Snowflake, Redshift) store curated, schema-on-write data for BI. Modern architectures use lakehouse pattern combining both. Critical for understanding data platform design in analytics exams.
Which pattern enables resilient communication between microservices by handling transient failures?
- Circuit Breaker
- Load Balancer
- API Gateway
- Service Mesh
Answer: Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker pattern prevents cascading failures by stopping requests to failing services temporarily, allowing recovery. Implemented in libraries like Resilience4j, Hystrix. Service mesh (Istio, Linkerd) provides infrastructure-level resilience. Critical for building fault-tolerant distributed systems.
Cryptographic algorithms resistant to attacks by quantum computers are called ________-Resistant Cryptography.
Answer: Quantum
Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) develops algorithms secure against quantum attacks (Shor's algorithm). NIST is standardizing PQC algorithms (CRYSTALS-Kyber, Dilithium). Critical for future-proofing sensitive systems. India's CERT-In and DRDO actively research PQC. Important for strategic cybersecurity questions.
Which proposed Indian legislation aims to replace the IT Act 2000 with comprehensive digital governance framework?
- Digital India Act
- Data Protection Bill
- Cyber Security Strategy
- Platform Regulation Act
Answer: Digital India Act
Digital India Act (proposed) aims to replace IT Act 2000 with updated framework addressing: platform accountability, emerging tech governance, user rights, and cybercrime. Complements DPDP Act 2023. Critical for understanding India's evolving digital regulatory landscape in policy-focused exams.
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enables version-controlled, repeatable deployment of cloud resources.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IaC tools (Terraform, CloudFormation, Ansible) define infrastructure in declarative code files, enabling version control, peer review, automated testing, and consistent deployments across environments. Reduces configuration drift and manual errors. Critical for cloud operations and DevOps questions in technical exams.
Which data processing paradigm is best suited for real-time analytics on streaming data?
- Batch Processing
- Stream Processing
- ETL Pipeline
- Data Warehousing
Answer: Stream Processing
Stream Processing (Apache Kafka, Flink, Spark Streaming) processes data in real-time as it arrives, enabling instant insights for fraud detection, IoT monitoring, and live dashboards. Batch processing handles historical data; ETL transforms data for storage; data warehousing supports analytical queries. Critical for modern data architecture questions.
The open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications is called ________.
Answer: Kubernetes
Kubernetes (K8s) is the de facto standard for container orchestration, providing automated deployment, scaling, load balancing, and self-healing for containerized applications. Originally developed by Google, now maintained by CNCF. Essential for cloud-native architecture questions in technical exams.
AI-powered cyberattacks can automatically adapt to evade traditional signature-based detection systems.
- True
- False
Answer: True
AI/ML-powered attacks can mutate malware code, generate polymorphic phishing content, and adapt evasion techniques in real-time to bypass signature-based defenses. Requires behavioral analytics, anomaly detection, and AI-powered defense systems. Critical for understanding next-generation threat landscape in cybersecurity exams.
Which cybersecurity framework implements 'never trust, always verify' principle for all access requests?
- Defense in Depth
- Zero Trust Architecture
- Perimeter Security
- Role-Based Access Control
Answer: Zero Trust Architecture
Zero Trust Architecture assumes no implicit trust based on network location. Every access request is authenticated, authorized, and encrypted regardless of origin. Implements micro-segmentation, least-privilege access, and continuous monitoring. Critical for modern enterprise security and frequently tested in banking/UPSC exams.
Which emerging technology combines quantum sensing with AI for ultra-precise navigation without GPS?
- Quantum Inertial Navigation
- LiDAR Mapping
- Satellite Altimetry
- Cellular Triangulation
Answer: Quantum Inertial Navigation
Quantum accelerometers and gyroscopes use atom interferometry for drift-free navigation, critical for submarines, aircraft, and autonomous vehicles in GPS-denied environments. AI enhances sensor fusion and error correction. Research by DRDO, ISRO, and global labs. Critical for strategic technology questions.
The concept of 'Universal Design' ensures products and environments are usable by all people without adaptation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Universal Design principles (equitable use, flexibility, simplicity, perceptible information) guide creation of inclusive products, buildings, and digital services. Adopted in Indian standards (GIGW, building codes). Critical for sustainable, inclusive development and rights-based approach questions.
Which technology enables crowd-sourced disaster reporting and situational awareness via mobile apps?
- GIS Mapping
- Social Media Analytics
- Crowdsourcing Platforms
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Disaster response leverages: citizen reports via apps (NDMA, state SDMAs), social media monitoring for real-time intelligence, and GIS for visualizing crowd-sourced data. Enhances situational awareness and resource allocation. Critical for community resilience and participatory governance questions.
The global partnership for advancing open-source AI models and tools is called ________ Alliance.
Answer: Partnership on AI / Open Source Initiative
Partnership on AI, Linux Foundation AI & Data, and Hugging Face community promote open-source AI models, datasets, and tools. India contributes via AI4Bharat, Krutrim, and research institutes. Critical for collaborative innovation and avoiding vendor lock-in questions.
Which Indian initiative aims to create a national blockchain framework for government applications?
- IndiaChain
- Blockchain for Good
- National Ledger
- Digital India Blockchain
Answer: IndiaChain
IndiaChain (proposed by MeitY) envisions a permissioned blockchain network for government services: land records, supply chain, identity, and certificates. Aims to enhance transparency, reduce fraud, and enable interoperability. Pilot projects underway in states. Critical for digital governance innovation questions.