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The pattern that decouples producers and consumers of messages using an intermediary is called ________ Architecture.
Answer: Publish-Subscribe / Message Queue
Pub-Sub uses brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ) for asynchronous communication, enabling scalability and resilience. Critical for event-driven and microservices architectures.
Which database optimization technique reorganizes data storage to improve query performance?
- Indexing
- Partitioning
- Clustering
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Indexing speeds lookups; partitioning splits large tables; clustering physically orders data by key. All improve query performance. Critical for database tuning questions.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses quantum physics principles to detect eavesdropping during key exchange.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QKD leverages no-cloning theorem and measurement disturbance to detect interception. Provides information-theoretic security for key exchange. Critical for future-proof cryptography questions.
Which program supports women entrepreneurs through mentorship and funding?
- Stree Shakti Package
- MUDRA Yojana
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Stree Shakti offers concessional loans for women; MUDRA provides microloans with focus on women entrepreneurs. Critical for inclusive entrepreneurship questions.
The platform that enables online payment of government fees and taxes is called ________.
Answer: BharatKosh / e-Payments
BharatKosh consolidates government payment gateways for fees, taxes, donations. Supports UPI, cards, netbanking. Critical for cashless governance and financial inclusion.
Which technique enables verification of identity without revealing underlying attributes?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Biometric Encryption
- Tokenization
- Anonymization
Answer: Zero-Knowledge Proofs
ZK-proofs enable proving statements (e.g., age > 18) without revealing actual data. Critical for privacy-preserving authentication and selective disclosure.
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) scanning tools detect security misconfigurations before deployment.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IaC scanners (Checkov, tfsec) analyze Terraform/CloudFormation for misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM, unencrypted resources. Critical for shift-left security in DevOps.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing APIs in enterprise environments?
- OWASP API Security Top 10
- NIST SP 800-204
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
OWASP API Top 10 lists common API vulnerabilities; NIST SP 800-204 provides security guidelines for microservices APIs. Critical for API security design questions.
The international organization that develops global telecommunications standards is called International ________ Union.
Answer: Telecommunication / ITU
ITU (UN agency) develops technical standards for telecom, spectrum allocation, and digital development. India actively participates in ITU standardization processes.
Which certification validates expertise in data engineering and pipeline development?
- Google Professional Data Engineer
- AWS Data Analytics
- Databricks Certified
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Cloud/data platform certifications validate skills in ETL, streaming, warehousing. Critical for data infrastructure roles in growing Indian data economy.
Hexagonal Architecture (Ports and Adapters) isolates business logic from external dependencies for testability.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Hexagonal Architecture defines ports (interfaces) for external services, enabling easy mocking and testing. Critical for maintainable, adaptable enterprise applications.
Which database feature enables querying across multiple data sources without moving data?
- Data Virtualization
- ETL
- Replication
- Sharding
Answer: Data Virtualization
Data Virtualization provides unified query interface across heterogeneous sources (SQL, NoSQL, APIs) without physical integration. Critical for agile analytics and federated data architectures.
The protocol that enables secure key exchange over insecure channels is called ________ Key Exchange.
Answer: Diffie-Hellman
Diffie-Hellman enables two parties to establish shared secret over public channel, foundation for TLS, SSH. Critical for understanding cryptographic protocols in network security.
Which initiative provides IPR support and fast-tracking for startups?
- SIPP Scheme
- Patent Facilitation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
SIPP (Scheme for IPR Protection) offers fee rebates and expedited examination for startups. Critical for encouraging innovation and protecting intellectual property.
The e-Hospital initiative digitizes hospital operations including OPD, IPD, and pharmacy management.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Hospital (under Digital India) provides HMIS for patient registration, appointments, records, billing. Improves efficiency, transparency, and patient experience in public hospitals.
Which regulation requires explicit consent for processing sensitive personal data in India?
- IT Act 2000
- DPDP Act 2023
- RBI Guidelines
- All of these
Answer: DPDP Act 2023
DPDP Act 2023 mandates explicit consent for sensitive personal data (biometrics, health, etc.), with purpose limitation and data principal rights. Critical for privacy compliance questions.
The practice of continuously monitoring cloud environments for threats and anomalies is called Cloud ________.
Answer: Security Monitoring / CNAPP
Cloud Security Monitoring (part of CNAPP - Cloud-Native Application Protection Platforms) uses AI/ML to detect threats, misconfigurations, and anomalies in real-time. Critical for proactive cloud defense.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing mobile devices and applications in enterprises?
- NIST SP 800-124
- OWASP MASVS
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST SP 800-124 covers mobile device management; OWASP MASVS provides mobile app security requirements. Critical for BYOD and mobile enterprise security questions.
The concept of 'digital sovereignty' emphasizes national control over data, infrastructure, and technology standards.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Digital sovereignty drives policies: data localization, domestic cloud infrastructure, indigenous standards. Balances security, innovation, and global cooperation. Critical for tech policy questions.
Which role focuses on designing user interfaces that are accessible and inclusive?
- UX Designer
- UI Developer
- Accessibility Specialist
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Accessible design requires collaboration: UX research, UI implementation, and accessibility expertise (WCAG compliance). Critical for inclusive digital services and legal compliance.