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The pattern that isolates external system interactions for testability is called ________ Pattern.
Answer: Adapter / Anti-Corruption Layer
Adapter/ACL patterns wrap external APIs, translating between internal models and external interfaces. Critical for maintainable integrations and testing.
Which database feature enables automatic scaling of read operations across replicas?
- Read Replicas
- Sharding
- Caching
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Read replicas offload queries; sharding distributes load; caching reduces database hits. Combined for scalable read-heavy workloads.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) reduces dependency on proprietary hardware by running network functions as software.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NFV virtualizes firewalls, load balancers, routers on commodity servers. Enables agility, cost reduction, and innovation. Critical for telecom modernization questions.
Which program supports rural innovation through technology and entrepreneurship?
- Village Entrepreneurship Program
- Digital Village Initiative
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programs under Digital India promote rural startups: CSCs for service delivery, agri-tech incubators. Critical for inclusive innovation questions.
The platform that enables online verification of educational certificates is called ________.
Answer: Academic Bank of Credits / DigiLocker
ABC stores academic credits digitally; DigiLocker stores certificates. Both enable instant verification for admissions, jobs, reducing fraud.
Which technique enables data minimization by collecting only necessary personal information?
- Purpose Limitation
- Data Minimization
- Storage Limitation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy principles: Purpose Limitation (collect for specified purpose), Data Minimization (only necessary data), Storage Limitation (retain no longer than needed). Core to DPDP/GDPR compliance.
Secrets management tools securely store and rotate credentials, API keys, and certificates.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Secrets managers (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager) encrypt, access-control, and auto-rotate secrets. Critical for preventing credential leaks and compliance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing software supply chains?
- NIST SP 800-161
- SLSA Framework
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST SP 800-161 covers supply chain risk; SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts) defines integrity levels for build processes. Critical for secure software delivery questions.
The initiative for global cooperation on AI safety and governance is called Global Partnership on ________.
Answer: Artificial Intelligence / GPAI
GPAI (founded 2020) brings together experts for responsible AI development: research, policy, best practices. India is founding member. Critical for international AI governance questions.
Which certification validates expertise in cybersecurity governance and risk management?
- CISM
- CRISC
- CGRC
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CISM (management), CRISC (risk), CGRC (governance) validate leadership skills for security programs. Critical for CISO and governance roles.
Saga pattern manages distributed transactions across microservices using compensating actions for rollback.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Saga breaks transactions into local steps with compensating actions for failures. Avoids distributed locks. Critical for consistency in microservices architectures.
Which database feature enables time-travel queries to access historical data states?
- Temporal Tables
- Point-in-Time Recovery
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Temporal Tables (SQL:2011) automatically track row history; PITR restores database to specific timestamp. Critical for audit, compliance, and debugging.
The protocol that enables automatic discovery of network services and devices is called ________ Discovery Protocol.
Answer: LLDP / CDP
LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol, IEEE) and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) enable devices to advertise identity/capabilities. Critical for network management and troubleshooting.
Which initiative provides plug-and-play infrastructure for hardware startups?
- Electronics Manufacturing Clusters
- T-Hub Hardware Lab
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
EMCs offer shared facilities for electronics manufacturing; T-Hub Hardware Lab provides prototyping equipment. Critical for deep tech startup support.
The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) aims to make government services accessible electronically to citizens.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NeGP (2006) launched Mission Mode Projects: e-District, e-Panchayat, CSCs. Foundation for Digital India's service delivery transformation.
Which regulation mandates data breach notification within specified timelines in India?
- IT Act 2000
- DPDP Act 2023
- CERT-In Directions
- All of these
Answer: All of these
IT Act Section 43A, DPDP Act, and CERT-In Direction 20 require breach reporting. Timelines vary: CERT-In mandates 6-hour reporting for certain incidents. Critical for incident response compliance.
The practice of automatically remediating security misconfigurations in cloud environments is called ________ Remediation.
Answer: Automated / Self-Healing
Automated remediation uses policies and scripts to fix misconfigurations (e.g., close public ports) without manual intervention. Critical for scalable cloud security operations.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing containerized applications and orchestration platforms?
- CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
- NIST SP 800-190
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
CIS Benchmarks provide hardening guidelines; NIST SP 800-190 covers container security lifecycle. Critical for cloud-native security questions.
The concept of 'digital twins' creates virtual replicas of physical systems for simulation and optimization.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Digital twins combine IoT, AI, and simulation to model physical assets: factories, cities, power grids. Enables predictive maintenance and scenario testing. Critical for Industry 4.0 questions.
Which role focuses on ensuring software quality through automated testing and CI/CD?
- QA Engineer
- SDET
- DevOps Engineer
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Quality roles collaborate: QA (manual testing), SDET (test automation), DevOps (pipeline integration). Critical for agile, high-quality software delivery.