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The pattern that separates read and write operations for scalability is called Command Query ________.
Answer: Responsibility Segregation / CQRS
CQRS separates read (query) and write (command) models, enabling independent scaling, optimization, and consistency models. Often combined with Event Sourcing. Critical for high-performance systems design.
Which database feature ensures that transactions are processed reliably even during system failures?
- ACID Properties
- Eventual Consistency
- Sharding
- Caching
Answer: ACID Properties
ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) guarantees reliable transaction processing. Critical for banking, inventory, and other mission-critical applications. NoSQL may relax ACID for scalability.
Intent-Based Networking uses AI to translate business policies into network configurations automatically.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IBN uses AI/ML to interpret business intent (e.g., 'prioritize VoIP'), auto-configure network, and continuously verify compliance. Reduces manual errors and operational complexity. Critical for autonomous networks questions.
Which initiative connects startups with corporate innovation challenges and pilot opportunities?
- Startup India
- Corporate Innovation Programs
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Startup India facilitates corporate-startup partnerships; many corporates run innovation challenges for pilots. Critical for startup growth and enterprise innovation questions.
The platform that enables online filing of RTI applications and tracking responses is called ________ Portal.
Answer: RTI Online
RTI Online Portal (rtionline.gov.in) enables citizens to file Right to Information applications digitally, pay fees online, and track status. Enhances transparency and accountability in governance.
Which technique replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents while preserving format?
- Encryption
- Tokenization
- Masking
- Anonymization
Answer: Tokenization
Tokenization replaces sensitive values (credit cards) with format-preserving tokens, reversible via secure vault. Used in payments, healthcare. Critical for PCI-DSS compliance and data protection questions.
Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASB) enforce security policies for SaaS applications.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CASBs sit between users and cloud services to enforce: access control, data loss prevention, threat protection, and compliance. Critical for securing SaaS adoption in enterprises.
Which standard provides guidelines for incident response and management?
- ISO 27035
- NIST SP 800-61
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
ISO 27035 and NIST SP 800-61 provide frameworks for incident handling: preparation, detection, analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, lessons learned. Critical for security operations questions.
The concept of technological sovereignty emphasizes reducing dependence on foreign technology through domestic innovation and ________.
Answer: Indigenization / Self-Reliance
Technological sovereignty (Atmanirbhar Bharat) promotes domestic R&D, manufacturing, and standards to reduce strategic dependencies. Critical for understanding India's tech policy and security questions.
Which certification validates expertise in cloud security architecture?
- CCSP
- CISSP
- CISM
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CCSP (Certified Cloud Security Professional) focuses on cloud; CISSP covers broad security; CISM emphasizes management. All valued for security leadership roles. Critical for cybersecurity career questions.
Event sourcing stores state changes as immutable events, enabling audit trails and time-travel queries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Event Sourcing records all state changes as events, enabling reconstruction of any historical state. Supports audit, debugging, and CQRS patterns. Critical for compliant, auditable systems design.
Which indexing technique is optimal for full-text search in document databases?
- B-Tree
- Hash
- Inverted Index
- Bitmap
Answer: Inverted Index
Inverted Index maps terms to documents containing them, enabling efficient full-text search. Used in Elasticsearch, Solr. Critical for search engines and content management questions.
The protocol that enables automatic configuration of IPv6 addresses without DHCP is called ________ Address Autoconfiguration.
Answer: SLAAC
SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) uses router advertisements and MAC addresses to generate IPv6 addresses. Reduces management overhead vs DHCPv6. Critical for IPv6 deployment questions.
Which program provides mentorship and funding to deep tech startups in strategic sectors?
- NIDHI-PRAYAS
- Startup India
- Atal Innovation Mission
- All of these
Answer: All of these
NIDHI-PRAYAS (DST) funds prototyping; Startup India offers tax benefits; AIM establishes incubators. Together they support innovation from ideation to scale. Critical for entrepreneurship ecosystem questions.
The e-Office initiative digitizes file management and workflow in government departments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Office replaces paper files with digital workflows: creation, routing, approval, archiving. Improves efficiency, transparency, and remote work capability. Part of Digital India's governance transformation.
Which technique enables querying encrypted databases without decrypting the data?
- Searchable Encryption
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Tokenization
- Both A and B
Answer: Both A and B
Searchable Encryption enables keyword search on ciphertext; Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on encrypted data. Both preserve privacy while enabling functionality. Critical for confidential cloud computing questions.
The security model that assumes breach and verifies every request is called ________ Trust.
Answer: Zero
Zero Trust implements: identity verification, least privilege, micro-segmentation, continuous monitoring. Assumes no implicit trust based on network location. Critical for modern security architecture questions.
Which framework provides maturity model for cybersecurity capabilities in critical infrastructure?
- NIST CSF
- C2M2
- ISO 27001
- COBIT
Answer: C2M2
C2M2 (Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model) by US DOE assesses/improves cybersecurity in energy, water, and other critical sectors. Adopted globally for infrastructure resilience. Critical for critical infrastructure protection questions.
Digital trade agreements increasingly address data flows, privacy, and digital taxation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Modern trade agreements (DEPA, RCEP digital chapters) cover: cross-border data flows, data localization, e-commerce, and digital services taxation. Critical for understanding global digital economy governance.
Which skill is most critical for data scientists to extract insights from unstructured data?
- SQL
- Machine Learning
- Data Visualization
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Data scientists need: ML for modeling, SQL for data access, visualization for communication, plus domain knowledge. India's growing data economy demands multi-skilled professionals. Critical for tech career planning questions.