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Answer: All of these
Privacy-enhancing technologies: ZK-proofs verify without revealing data; homomorphic encryption enables computation on ciphertext; SMPC allows joint processing. Balance privacy with regulatory oversight.
Answer: Reversibility / Recoverability
Controlled reversibility enables transaction reversal for fraud, error, or legal orders while preserving finality for legitimate transactions. Critical for consumer protection and regulatory compliance.
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design.
Answer: True
e₹-W enables instant, final settlement between banks and financial institutions, reducing counterparty risk and liquidity needs. Critical for payment system modernization and financial stability.
Answer: PMLA Rules
PMLA rules require VASPs to maintain KYC records, transaction logs, and audit trails for 5 years. Enables regulatory oversight, investigation, and compliance verification. Critical for operational requirements.
Answer: Permissioned Distributed / Hybrid
Hybrid ledger: central bank controls issuance/monetary policy, distributed nodes validate transactions. Balances sovereignty, resilience, and performance for national digital currency systems.
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC with embedded rules can enforce AML limits, reporting thresholds, and policy conditions automatically. Enhances compliance efficiency while requiring careful privacy design.
Answer: True
Liquid cooling (direct-to-chip, immersion) removes heat more efficiently than air, enabling higher server density and lower PUE. Critical for high-performance computing and sustainable data center design.
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity requires: additionality proof (beyond business-as-usual), robust baseline setting, independent verification. Standards: Verra, Gold Standard ensure methodological rigor for credible offsets.
Answer: AI-based / Machine Learning
AI forecasting improves solar/wind power prediction using weather data, historical patterns, real-time sensors. Enables better grid balancing, reduced curtailment, and higher renewable penetration.
Answer: All of these
Sustainable hardware: modular design enables component upgrades; repairability standards ensure spare parts availability; software optimization reduces need for hardware replacement. Critical for circular economy.
Answer: True
CBAM (EU) and similar mechanisms level playing field by imposing carbon costs on imports. Encourages global climate action while protecting domestic industries. India monitoring developments for trade policy.
Answer: All of these
Methane monitoring combines: satellite (GHGSat, Sentinel), drones for targeted surveys, ground sensors for continuous monitoring. Critical for leak detection, regulatory compliance, and climate mitigation.
Answer: Oxygen / ISRU
Lunar regolith contains ~40% oxygen by weight. Extraction methods: molten regolith electrolysis, hydrogen reduction. Enables sustainable lunar bases by producing breathable air and rocket oxidizer.
Answer: All of these
Satellite link adaptation: ACM adjusts modulation/coding based on channel quality; diversity uses multiple paths; power control compensates fading. Critical for reliable broadband service in variable weather.
Answer: True
Electric propulsion (ion, Hall thrusters) offers 5-10x higher specific impulse than chemical rockets, enabling longer satellite life with less propellant. Critical for GEO satellite operations and deep space missions.
Answer: All of these
CBDC design affects monetary policy: remuneration influences deposit rates, holding limits prevent bank disintermediation, interoperability affects payment system dynamics. Critical for central bank digital currency planning.
Answer: FIU-IND
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) registers and supervises VASPs for AML/CFT compliance. Requires KYC, transaction monitoring, suspicious activity reporting. Critical for crypto regulatory framework.
Answer: All of these
Privacy-preserving CBDC: ZK-proofs verify without revealing data; ring signatures obscure sender; confidential transactions hide amounts. Balance user privacy with regulatory auditability requirements.
Answer: False
Section 115BBH taxes crypto income at 30% on gross transfer value, no deduction for acquisition cost except cost of acquisition. No loss offset allowed. Critical for accurate crypto tax compliance.