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The FATF recommendation requiring VASPs to share transaction originator/beneficiary information is called the ________ Rule.
Answer: Travel
Travel Rule (FATF Recommendation 16) requires VASPs to transmit sender/receiver information for crypto transactions above threshold. Implemented via protocols like IVMS101. Critical for cross-border AML compliance.
Which CBDC feature enables automatic tax withholding on transactions?
- Smart Contracts
- Programmable Money
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC with smart contracts can automate tax collection at point of transaction, reducing compliance burden and evasion. Requires careful design to balance efficiency with privacy and user control.
Stablecoins maintain value parity through reserves, algorithms, or hybrid mechanisms.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Stablecoin types: fiat-collateralized (USDC), crypto-collateralized (DAI), algorithmic (failed Terra). Regulatory focus: reserve transparency, redemption rights, systemic risk mitigation. Critical for crypto ecosystem understanding.
Which Indian law requires Virtual Asset Service Providers to register with FIU-IND?
- IT Act 2000
- PMLA
- DPDP Act
- SEBI Act
Answer: PMLA
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) amended to include VASPs as reporting entities. Requires KYC, transaction monitoring, and suspicious activity reporting. Critical for crypto compliance framework.
The pilot phase of India's wholesale CBDC focuses on ________ market settlements.
Answer: Government Securities / G-Sec
e₹-W pilot tests real-time gross settlement of government securities transactions between banks and financial institutions. Aims to improve efficiency, reduce counterparty risk, and enable new financial products.
Which CBDC design enables transactions without revealing user identity to merchants?
- Account-based
- Token-based with Privacy
- Hybrid
- All of these
Answer: Token-based with Privacy
Token-based CBDC with privacy features (blind signatures, ZK-proofs) enables pseudonymous transactions while maintaining central bank oversight. Balances privacy with AML/CFT compliance requirements.
Edge computing can reduce overall energy consumption by processing data closer to source.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Edge computing reduces data transmission to cloud, lowering network energy use. Local processing enables real-time decisions with lower latency. Trade-off: managing distributed infrastructure complexity.
Which principle ensures carbon credits represent emission reductions that wouldn't have occurred otherwise?
- Additionality
- Permanence
- Leakage Prevention
- All of these
Answer: Additionality
Additionality requires proving project emissions reductions are beyond business-as-usual scenario. Critical for carbon market integrity: prevents crediting actions that would happen anyway. Verified through baseline methodologies.
The technology that converts CO2 into useful products like fuels or chemicals is called Carbon ________.
Answer: Utilization / CCU
CCU (Carbon Capture and Utilization) transforms captured CO2 into products: synthetic fuels, plastics, concrete, chemicals. Creates economic value while reducing emissions. India researching CCU pathways under climate innovation.
Which data center cooling technology uses outside air to reduce mechanical cooling needs?
- Chilled Water
- Free Air Cooling
- Liquid Immersion
- Evaporative Cooling
Answer: Free Air Cooling
Free air cooling uses filtered outside air when ambient conditions permit, reducing chiller usage by 30-70%. Implemented in Google, Facebook data centers. Critical for PUE improvement and operational cost reduction.
Article 6.4 of Paris Agreement establishes a centralized mechanism for international carbon trading.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Article 6.4 creates UN-supervised mechanism for trading emission reductions between countries, replacing CDM. Aims to ensure environmental integrity, avoid double counting, and support sustainable development.
Which renewable energy technology has seen fastest cost decline globally in past decade?
- Solar PV
- Wind Power
- Hydropower
- Geothermal
Answer: Solar PV
Solar PV costs declined ~90% (2010-2020) due to manufacturing scale, technology improvements, and supply chain optimization. Now cheapest electricity source in many regions. India targets 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030.
The practice of designing software to minimize energy consumption is called ________ Programming.
Answer: Green / Energy-Efficient
Green programming optimizes algorithms, data structures, and code execution for lower CPU/memory usage, reducing energy footprint. Critical for sustainable software development and large-scale systems.
Carbon credits represent one tonne of CO2 equivalent emission reduction or removal.
- True
- False
Answer: True
One carbon credit = 1 tonne CO2e reduced/removed. Traded in compliance markets (regulated caps) and voluntary markets (corporate ESG). Quality depends on additionality, permanence, and verification standards.
Which technology captures CO2 directly from ambient air for storage or utilization?
- Point Source CCS
- Direct Air Capture
- Bioenergy CCS
- Enhanced Weathering
Answer: Direct Air Capture
DAC uses chemical sorbents to extract CO2 from ambient air, enabling carbon removal independent of emission sources. Energy-intensive but critical for net-zero pathways. India exploring DAC under climate strategy.
The process of using lunar resources for construction and manufacturing is called In-________ Resource Utilization.
Answer: Situ / ISRU
ISRU extracts and processes lunar materials (regolith, water ice) for construction, life support, and propellant production. Critical for sustainable lunar bases and deep space exploration economics.
Which technology enables high-throughput satellites to serve multiple beams simultaneously?
- Frequency Reuse
- Spot Beams
- Adaptive Coding
- All of these
Answer: All of these
HTS combines: spot beams for focused coverage, frequency reuse for capacity multiplication, adaptive coding for link optimization. Enables 100+ Gbps throughput for broadband, backhaul, and enterprise services.
Cubesats are standardized small satellites measuring 10x10x10 cm per unit.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cubesat standard (1U = 10x10x10 cm, up to 12U) enables low-cost access to space for research, technology demos, and education. India promotes Cubesats via ISRO and academic programs for capacity building.
Which lunar resource is valuable for nuclear fusion research?
- Water Ice
- Helium-3
- Rare Earth Elements
- Titanium
Answer: Helium-3
Helium-3, deposited by solar wind on lunar surface, is a potential fuel for aneutronic fusion reactors producing minimal radioactive waste. Extraction remains technologically challenging but scientifically valuable.
The technique of dynamically allocating bandwidth based on demand in satellite networks is called ________ Access.
Answer: Demand Assigned Multiple / DAMA
DAMA allocates satellite channels dynamically based on user demand, improving spectrum efficiency vs fixed allocation. Critical for cost-effective broadband services, especially in variable traffic scenarios.