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Which technology enables mobile payments by tapping a smartphone near a payment terminal?
- Bluetooth
- NFC
- Wi-Fi Direct
- Infrared
Answer: NFC
NFC (Near Field Communication) enables contactless payments by allowing two devices to communicate when placed within 4 cm. Used in Google Pay, Apple Pay, and RuPay Contactless. It operates at 13.56 MHz and supports secure element storage for payment credentials.
Linux is a proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Linux is a free and open-source operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It is not developed by Microsoft. Linux distributions (Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian) are widely used in servers, embedded systems, and increasingly in desktops. Microsoft develops Windows, a proprietary OS.
Which Digital India initiative focuses on transforming government services through electronic delivery?
- e-Kranti
- Make in India
- Skill India
- Start-up India
Answer: e-Kranti
e-Kranti (National e-Governance Plan 2.0) is a pillar of Digital India focusing on electronic delivery of government services across sectors like education, health, agriculture, and justice. It emphasizes integrated services, cloud adoption, and mobile-first approach for citizen convenience.
The technology that creates fully immersive digital environments replacing the real world is called ________ Reality.
Answer: Virtual
Virtual Reality (VR) creates simulated 3D environments that users can interact with using headsets and controllers. Unlike AR which augments reality, VR completely replaces the physical world. Applications include gaming, training simulations, virtual tours, and therapeutic uses.
Gaganyaan is India's first human spaceflight mission planned by ISRO.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Gaganyaan is ISRO's ambitious human spaceflight program aiming to send Indian astronauts (Gagannauts) to low Earth orbit (~400 km) for 3-7 days. The mission uses GSLV Mk III rocket and includes multiple uncrewed test flights before the crewed mission, targeted for 2025-26.
Which encryption method uses a pair of keys (public and private) for secure communication?
- Symmetric Encryption
- Asymmetric Encryption
- Hashing
- Steganography
Answer: Asymmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption (Public-Key Cryptography) uses two mathematically related keys: public key for encryption and private key for decryption. Examples include RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman. It enables secure key exchange and digital signatures, unlike symmetric encryption which uses a single shared key.
Which regulatory approach treats crypto assets based on economic function rather than technology?
- Technology-Neutral Regulation
- Substance-Over-Form
- Risk-Based Supervision
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design.
Retail CBDC can coexist with commercial bank deposits without causing significant disintermediation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CBDC design can include holding limits, tiered remuneration, and intermediation models to preserve bank deposit role. Critical for financial stability while enabling digital payment innovation.
Which Indian authority monitors crypto transactions for suspicious activity reporting?
- RBI
- SEBI
- FIU-IND
- CERT-In
Answer: FIU-IND
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) receives, analyzes, and disseminates financial intelligence including crypto transactions. VASPs must register and report suspicious activities under PMLA.
The CBDC pilot testing cross-border payments with other central banks is called ________ Pilot.
Answer: mBridge / Multi-CBDC
Multi-CBDC platforms (mBridge, Project Dunbar) test cross-border settlements using interoperable digital currencies. Aims to reduce cost, time, and intermediaries in international payments.
Which mechanism ensures carbon credits represent real emission reductions?
- Additionality Testing
- Baseline Methodology
- Third-party Verification
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity: additionality proves reductions beyond business-as-usual; robust baselines define counterfactual; independent verification ensures accuracy. Critical for market credibility.
The technology that uses AI to optimize electric vehicle charging based on grid conditions is called ________ Charging.
Answer: Smart / V2G
Smart charging: AI optimizes EV charging timing based on grid load, renewable availability, electricity prices. V2G enables bidirectional flow for grid services. Critical for sustainable mobility integration.
Which practice reduces cloud computing emissions by scheduling workloads during renewable energy peaks?
- Carbon-Aware Computing
- Green Scheduling
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Carbon-aware computing: schedule batch jobs when grid renewable fraction is highest, use geographic load balancing to low-carbon regions. Critical for sustainable cloud operations.
Voluntary carbon markets require third-party verification to ensure credit quality.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Credible voluntary markets: independent verification of emission reductions, adherence to standards (Verra, Gold Standard), transparent registries. Critical for corporate ESG credibility and climate finance.
Which technology enables real-time monitoring of urban air quality for pollution control?
- IoT Sensor Networks
- Satellite Remote Sensing
- AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Urban air quality monitoring: IoT sensors for hyperlocal data, satellites for regional patterns, AI for source attribution and forecasting. Critical for public health and environmental policy.
The process of producing rocket fuel from lunar water ice is called ________ Production.
Answer: Propellant / ISRU
In-situ propellant production: electrolyze lunar water ice into hydrogen/oxygen for rocket fuel. Enables lunar refueling depot for deep space missions, reducing Earth launch mass requirements.
Which technology enables high-capacity satellite backhaul for 5G networks?
- HTS
- Ka-band
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
High-Throughput Satellites (HTS) with Ka-band provide 100+ Gbps capacity for 5G backhaul in remote areas. Critical for bridging digital divide and supporting mobile network expansion.
Cubesat standards enable low-cost access to space for research and technology demonstrations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cubesat standardization (1U=10x10x10cm) reduces development cost/time, enables rideshare launches. India promotes Cubesats via ISRO and academic programs for capacity building and innovation.
Which CBDC benefit enables programmable subsidies with usage restrictions?
- Smart Contracts
- Conditional Transfers
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
The international body that sets standards for crypto asset service provider supervision is ________.
Answer: FATF / Financial Action Task Force
FATF provides global AML/CFT standards for VASPs: registration, risk assessment, Travel Rule implementation. Countries align domestic regulations for cross-border consistency.