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Which CBDC design enables offline transactions with fraud prevention?
- Secure Element Hardware
- Transaction Limits
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Offline CBDC security: secure hardware (SE/TEE) prevents tampering; transaction limits minimize loss exposure; delayed synchronization enables fraud detection. Critical for inclusive yet secure design.
India's crypto regulatory framework requires VASPs to maintain capital reserves for operational risks.
- True
- False
Answer: False
As of 2026, India's crypto regulation focuses on AML/KYC and taxation. Capital requirements for VASPs are under consideration but not yet mandated. Critical for understanding evolving regulatory landscape.
The CBDC feature that enables transaction privacy for small-value payments is called ________ Threshold.
Answer: Privacy / Anonymity
Privacy thresholds allow small CBDC transactions with minimal identity disclosure, balancing inclusion with AML requirements. Larger transactions require enhanced verification. Critical for user adoption.
Which regulatory principle ensures crypto rules are proportionate to risks posed?
- Proportionality
- Technology Neutrality
- Risk-Based Approach
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Effective crypto regulation: proportionate to actual risks (not one-size-fits-all), technology-neutral (focus on function), risk-based (higher scrutiny for higher-risk activities). Critical for balanced policy design.
CBDC can enable real-time settlement of securities transactions, reducing counterparty risk.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Wholesale CBDC enables delivery-versus-payment settlement: securities and cash transfer simultaneously, eliminating settlement risk. Critical for financial market infrastructure modernization.
Which Indian provision requires crypto exchanges to implement customer due diligence?
- PMLA Rules
- IT Act
- SEBI Guidelines
- RBI Directions
Answer: PMLA Rules
PMLA rules mandate VASPs to perform KYC: identity verification, source of funds assessment, ongoing monitoring. Critical for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing via crypto.
The CBDC architecture that enables interoperability with commercial bank systems is called ________ Architecture.
Answer: Two-Tier / Hybrid
Two-tier CBDC: central bank issues digital currency, commercial banks distribute and manage customer accounts. Preserves existing financial intermediation while enabling digital innovation.
Which CBDC feature enables automatic compliance with foreign exchange regulations?
- Programmable Rules
- Smart Contracts
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC can embed FX rules: transaction limits, reporting thresholds, approval workflows. Enhances regulatory compliance while reducing manual processing overhead.
Virtualization reduces server energy consumption by consolidating workloads onto fewer physical machines.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Server virtualization improves utilization from 10-15% to 60-80%, reducing hardware, power, cooling needs. Critical for data center efficiency and cost reduction in cloud environments.
Which mechanism prevents double issuance of carbon credits?
- Unique Serial Numbers
- Central Registry
- Blockchain Tracking
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity: unique identifiers prevent duplication; central registries track issuance/retirement; blockchain enables transparent, tamper-proof records. Critical for market trust.
The technology that uses AI to optimize building energy consumption is called ________ Management System.
Answer: Building Energy / BEMS
BEMS uses IoT sensors, AI analytics, and automation to optimize HVAC, lighting, equipment operation. Reduces energy waste by 20-40% while maintaining comfort. Critical for green building certifications.
Which practice reduces network energy consumption through intelligent traffic management?
- Software-Defined Networking
- Energy-Aware Routing
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Energy-efficient networking: SDN enables dynamic resource allocation; energy-aware routing selects paths minimizing power use. Critical for sustainable telecom and data center operations.
Carbon credit prices are determined by supply-demand dynamics in compliance and voluntary markets.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Carbon prices vary by market: compliance markets (regulated caps) vs voluntary (corporate ESG). Influenced by policy stringency, project quality, economic conditions. Critical for climate finance planning.
Which technology enables precision livestock farming to reduce methane emissions?
- Wearable Sensors
- Feed Optimization
- Manure Management
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Precision livestock: sensors monitor health/behavior, optimized feed reduces enteric fermentation, manure management captures methane. Critical for sustainable agriculture and climate mitigation.
The resource extracted from lunar soil that can be used for construction is called ________.
Answer: Regolith
Lunar regolith (soil) can be processed into bricks, concrete, or 3D-printed structures using sintering or binding techniques. Critical for sustainable lunar base construction without Earth imports.
Which technology enables seamless handover between satellite beams for mobile users?
- Beam Steering
- Handover Protocols
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Mobile satellite services require: beam steering to track users, handover protocols for seamless transition between beams/satellites. Critical for continuous connectivity in vehicles, aviation, maritime.
On-orbit servicing can extend satellite lifespan by refueling or repairing components.
- True
- False
Answer: True
In-orbit servicing (robotic arms, refueling) extends satellite life, reduces space debris, enables new business models. ISRO's SPADEX tested docking; global companies developing servicing tech.
Which CBDC benefit enables faster disaster relief fund distribution?
- Direct Transfers
- Programmable Conditions
- Offline Capability
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CBDC for disaster response: direct transfers to affected individuals, programmable conditions for essential goods, offline mode for damaged infrastructure. Critical for resilient social protection.
The global standard for crypto asset classification is developed by ________.
Answer: FATF / Financial Action Task Force
FATF provides international standards for virtual asset definition, VASP regulation, and AML/CFT requirements. Countries implement through domestic laws for cross-border consistency.
Which CBDC design enables offline transactions with deferred settlement?
- Secure Hardware Storage
- Delayed Synchronization
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware (SE/TEE) to store transactions locally, synchronizing with central ledger when connectivity restored. Critical for inclusion in connectivity-challenged areas.