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The 'Vietnam War' ended with the fall of Saigon in 1975 and the reunification of Vietnam.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Vietnam War ended with the fall of Saigon (April 30, 1975) to North Vietnamese forces. Vietnam was reunified in 1976 as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, marking a significant Cold War outcome. [[1]]
The 'African National Congress' (ANC) led the struggle against ______ in South Africa.
Answer: apartheid
The African National Congress (ANC), founded in 1912, led the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. Nelson Mandela became its iconic leader and South Africa's first black president in 1994. [[1]]
The 'Bandung Conference' (1955) was attended by newly independent nations from:
- Europe
- Asia and Africa
- Latin America
- North America
Answer: Asia and Africa
The Bandung Conference (1955) brought together 29 Asian and African nations to promote economic cooperation and oppose colonialism. It laid groundwork for the Non-Aligned Movement and South-South cooperation. [[1]]
The 'Zij-i-Muhammadi' was an astronomical table compiled in medieval India under Islamic patronage.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Zij-i-Muhammadi and other astronomical tables were compiled in medieval India, blending Indian, Persian, and Greek knowledge. They facilitated accurate calendar calculations and navigation. [[30]]
The 'Siddhanta Shiromani' was written by the mathematician-astronomer ______.
Answer: Bhaskara II
Bhaskara II (12th century) wrote Siddhanta Shiromani, covering arithmetic, algebra, and astronomy. He calculated planetary positions, discussed gravity concepts, and contributed to calculus foundations. [[30]]
Which medieval Indian text on medicine was written by Sharngadhara?
- Charaka Samhita
- Sushruta Samhita
- Sharngadhara Samhita
- Ashtanga Hridaya
Answer: Sharngadhara Samhita
Sharngadhara Samhita (13th-14th century) is a medieval Ayurvedic text that introduced pulse diagnosis (Nadi Pariksha) and detailed formulations. It reflects the evolution of Indian medical knowledge. [[30]]
The 'Nationalization of Banks' in India occurred in two phases: 1969 and 1980.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Indira Gandhi nationalized 14 major banks in 1969 and 6 more in 1980. This aimed to extend banking to rural areas, support agriculture, and reduce concentration of economic power. [[1]]
The 'Green Revolution' in India was primarily focused on increasing production of ______.
Answer: wheat and rice
The Green Revolution (mid-1960s) introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, along with irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides. It transformed India from a food-deficient to a self-sufficient nation. [[1]]
The 'License Raj' in India referred to:
- British colonial administration
- Extensive government control over industry
- Land revenue system
- Foreign trade policy
Answer: Extensive government control over industry
The License Raj (1947-1991) required businesses to obtain numerous government licenses for production, expansion, and imports. It aimed at planned development but led to inefficiency and corruption, reformed after 1991. [[1]]
The 'Gurkha' soldiers were recruited by the British after the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-16).
- True
- False
Answer: True
After the Anglo-Nepalese War, the British were impressed by Gurkha bravery and began recruiting them into the British Indian Army. Gurkhas continue to serve in the Indian and British armies with distinction. [[30]]
The 'Treaty of Sugauli' (1816) defined the boundaries between British India and ______.
Answer: Nepal
The Treaty of Sugauli (1816) ended the Anglo-Nepalese War and defined Nepal's boundaries. Nepal ceded territories like Kumaon and Garhwal but retained independence, and the Gurkha recruitment tradition began. [[30]]
The 'Namgyal dynasty' ruled which Himalayan kingdom?
- Nepal
- Bhutan
- Sikkim
- Ladakh
Answer: Sikkim
The Namgyal dynasty ruled Sikkim from 1642 to 1975. It was founded by Phuntsog Namgyal, and the kingdom became a protectorate of India before merging with the Indian Union in 1975. [[30]]
The Ramayana and Mahabharata are widely known and performed in traditional arts across Southeast Asia.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Ramayana and Mahabharata are integral to Southeast Asian cultures, adapted in local languages and performance arts like Wayang Kulit (Indonesia), Khon (Thailand), and Ramakien (Cambodia). [[1]]
The ancient kingdom of 'Srivijaya' in Southeast Asia was a major center for ______ Buddhism.
Answer: Mahayana
Srivijaya (7th-13th century), based in Sumatra, was a major maritime empire and center for Mahayana Buddhism. Indian scholars like Atisha studied there, and it facilitated cultural exchange between India and Southeast Asia. [[1]]
The ancient Indian influence on Southeast Asia is evident in:
- Temple architecture
- Script and literature
- Religious practices
- All of the above
Answer: All of the above
Indian cultural influence in Southeast Asia (Greater India) is seen in temple architecture (Angkor Wat), scripts (Pallava-derived), epics (Ramayana, Mahabharata), and Hindu-Buddhist religious practices. [[1]]
India was a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in 1985.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SAARC was founded in 1985 with seven members: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and Maldives. Afghanistan joined later in 2007. SAARC aims to promote regional cooperation in South Asia. [[30]]
The 'Simla Agreement' (1972) was signed between India and Pakistan after the ______ War.
Answer: 1971
The Simla Agreement (July 1972) was signed by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto after the 1971 War. It established the Line of Control in Kashmir and committed both nations to bilateral resolution of disputes. [[30]]
The 'Panchsheel Agreement' (1954) was signed between India and:
- Pakistan
- China
- Soviet Union
- United States
Answer: China
The Panchsheel Agreement (1954) between India and China outlined five principles of peaceful coexistence: mutual respect, non-aggression, non-interference, equality, and peaceful coexistence. [[30]]
The 'Battle of Assaye' (1803) was a significant victory for the British under Arthur Wellesley against the Marathas.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Battle of Assaye (1803) saw Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) defeat the Maratha confederacy. It was a key victory in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, expanding British control in Central India. [[1]]
The 'Battle of Haldighati' (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and the forces of ______.
Answer: Akbar
The Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap of Mewar and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh. Though tactically inconclusive, Pratap continued guerrilla warfare to defend Mewar's independence. [[1]]