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The 'Bharat Ratna', India's highest civilian award, was instituted in the year ______.
Answer: 1954
The Bharat Ratna was instituted on January 2, 1954, to recognize exceptional service in any field. The first recipients were C. Rajagopalachari, S. Radhakrishnan, and C.V. Raman. [[30]]
Who was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Economics?
- V. Raman
- Amartya Sen
- Rabindranath Tagore
- Mother Teresa
Answer: Amartya Sen
Amartya Sen won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his work on welfare economics, poverty, and famine. He is known for the capability approach and human development theory. [[30]]
The 'National Emergency' under Article 352 was proclaimed in India how many times?
- Once
- Twice
- Thrice
- Four times
Answer: Thrice
National Emergency was proclaimed thrice: 1962 (China war), 1971 (Pakistan war), and 1975 (internal disturbance). The 44th Amendment (1978) made emergency provisions more stringent to prevent misuse. [[30]]
The 'Poona Pact' was signed on September 24, 1932.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Poona Pact was signed on September 24, 1932, between Gandhi and Ambedkar. It ensured reserved seats for Depressed Classes within joint electorates, replacing separate electorates proposed in the Communal Award. [[30]]
The 'Judicial Review' power of the Supreme Court is derived from the Constitution itself.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Judicial Review, the power to examine constitutionality of laws, is inherent in the Indian Constitution (Articles 13, 32, 226). It was reinforced by the Basic Structure Doctrine in Kesavananda Bharati case (1973). [[30]]
The concept of 'Concurrent List' in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from the ______ Constitution.
Answer: Australian
The Concurrent List (List III in Seventh Schedule) allowing both center and states to legislate on certain subjects was borrowed from the Australian Constitution. It facilitates cooperative federalism. [[30]]
The 'Government of India Act 1935' provided the framework for which part of the Indian Constitution?
- Fundamental Rights
- Directive Principles
- Federal structure
- Emergency provisions
Answer: Federal structure
The Government of India Act 1935 provided the structural framework for India's federal system, including the division of powers between center and states, though the Constitution made it more flexible and democratic. [[30]]
The 'New Economic Policy' of 1991 included liberalization, privatization, and globalization.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The 1991 economic reforms, known as LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization), dismantled the License Raj, opened India to foreign investment, and integrated the economy with global markets. [[1]]
The 'Mahalanobis Model' emphasized heavy industry development during the ______ Five-Year Plan.
Answer: Second
The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-61), based on the Mahalanobis Model, emphasized heavy and capital goods industries to achieve rapid industrialization. It laid foundations for India's public sector. [[1]]
The 'Bombay Plan' (1944) was a proposal for India's economic development by:
- British officials
- Indian industrialists
- Socialist leaders
- Gandhian economists
Answer: Indian industrialists
The Bombay Plan (1944) was drafted by leading Indian industrialists including J.R.D. Tata and G.D. Birla. It proposed state-led industrialization and planning, influencing post-independence economic policy. [[1]]
India was a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India was a founding member of the WTO established on January 1, 1995, succeeding GATT. India has actively participated in WTO negotiations, advocating for developing countries' interests in trade. [[30]]
The 'Gujral Doctrine' emphasized non-reciprocal generosity towards ______ neighbors.
Answer: South Asian
The Gujral Doctrine (1996), articulated by PM I.K. Gujral, emphasized non-reciprocal generosity towards smaller South Asian neighbors to build trust and regional cooperation, particularly with Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan. [[30]]
The 'Look East Policy' was initiated by which Indian Prime Minister?
- Rajiv Gandhi
- P.V. Narasimha Rao
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- Manmohan Singh
Answer: P.V. Narasimha Rao
The Look East Policy was initiated by PM P.V. Narasimha Rao in 1991 to strengthen economic and strategic ties with Southeast Asia. It was later upgraded to 'Act East Policy' under PM Narendra Modi. [[30]]
The 'Annie Besant' Home Rule League was established in 1916.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Annie Besant established the Home Rule League in Madras in September 1916, demanding self-government for India. It complemented Tilak's league and mobilized mass support for Home Rule. [[1]]
The 'Berlin Committee' for Indian independence was formed during ______.
Answer: World War I
The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, seeking German support for India's independence. It coordinated with the Ghadar Party for anti-British activities. [[1]]
Which country provided asylum to Subhash Chandra Bose after his escape from India?
- Germany
- Japan
- Italy
- Soviet Union
Answer: Germany
After escaping India in 1941, Subhash Chandra Bose reached Germany via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. He sought Axis support for India's independence before moving to Southeast Asia in 1943. [[1]]
Subramania Bharati was a Tamil poet who advocated for women's rights and nationalism.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Subramania Bharati (1882-1921) was a Tamil poet, journalist, and freedom fighter. His poetry advocated social reform, women's emancipation, and Indian nationalism, influencing Tamil literature profoundly. [[30]]
The novel 'Anandamath', containing 'Vande Mataram', was written by ______.
Answer: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote 'Anandamath' (1882), featuring the song 'Vande Mataram'. The novel inspired nationalist sentiment and became a rallying cry during India's freedom struggle. [[30]]
Who wrote 'Godaan', a novel depicting rural life in India?
- Rabindranath Tagore
- Premchand
- Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Answer: Premchand
Munshi Premchand wrote 'Godaan' (1936), a landmark Hindi novel depicting peasant life, exploitation, and social realities. He is considered the greatest novelist of modern Hindi literature. [[30]]
Amir Khusrau is credited with developing the qawwali form of Sufi music.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Amir Khusrau (1253-1325) blended Persian and Indian musical traditions, developing qawwali as a form of Sufi devotional music. He also contributed to the evolution of Hindustani classical music. [[1]]