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IoT stands for:
- Internet of Technology
- Internet of Things
- Integration of Tools
- Interface of Tasks
Answer: Internet of Things
IoT refers to interconnected devices (sensors, appliances) exchanging data via internet. Applications include smart homes, healthcare, agriculture. Emerging topic for tech awareness. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]
True or False: Meiosis results in four genetically identical daughter cells.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells (gametes) due to crossing over and independent assortment. Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells. Critical for genetics. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
Planting trees in rows to reduce wind speed and prevent soil erosion is called ________.
- Contour ploughing
- Terracing
- Shelter belts
- Crop rotation
Answer: Shelter belts
Shelter belts (windbreaks) are rows of trees/shrubs that reduce wind erosion, conserve moisture, and protect crops. Part of sustainable agriculture practices. [[NCERT Geography Class 11, MoA Reports]]
True or False: The pitch of sound depends on its amplitude.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Pitch depends on frequency (higher frequency = higher pitch). Amplitude determines loudness. Confusing these is a common exam trap. [[NCERT Physics Class 9]]
The element responsible for the hardness of diamond is ________.
- Silicon
- Carbon
- Boron
- Nitrogen
Answer: Carbon
Diamond is an allotrope of carbon with tetrahedral sp³ hybridization, forming a rigid 3D network. This structure gives extreme hardness. Graphite is another carbon allotrope with different properties. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]
Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from:
- Rarer to denser medium
- Denser to rarer medium
- Vacuum to glass
- Air to water
Answer: Denser to rarer medium
When light moves from denser (e.g., glass) to rarer medium (e.g., air) at angle > critical angle, it reflects entirely back. Used in optical fibers, prisms. Fundamental optics principle. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
The hormone insulin is secreted by the ________ of pancreas.
- Alpha cells
- Beta cells
- Delta cells
- Acinar cells
Answer: Beta cells
Pancreatic beta cells (in Islets of Langerhans) secrete insulin, which lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake. Deficiency causes diabetes mellitus. Key physiology concept. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by UN in 2015?
- 15
- 17
- 20
- 25
Answer: 17
The UN's 2030 Agenda has 17 SDGs with 169 targets addressing poverty, inequality, climate change, etc. India actively participates in SDG implementation. Crucial for current affairs. [[NITI Aayog SDG Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
The SI unit of luminous intensity is ________.
- Lumen
- Lux
- Candela
- Watt
Answer: Candela
Candela (cd) is one of seven SI base units, measuring luminous intensity in a given direction. Lumen measures total luminous flux; lux measures illuminance. Important for photometry. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: Bernoulli's principle states that pressure increases with increase in fluid speed.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Bernoulli's principle: in a flowing fluid, pressure decreases as speed increases (conservation of energy). Explains airplane lift, venturi effect. Common misconception in exams. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Which cells produce antibodies in the human body?
- Red blood cells
- Platelets
- B-lymphocytes
- T-lymphocytes
Answer: B-lymphocytes
B-cells (B-lymphocytes) differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific to antigens. T-cells assist in cell-mediated immunity. Central to adaptive immune response. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]
The process of heating ore below melting point in absence of air is called ________.
- Roasting
- Calcination
- Smelting
- Refining
Answer: Calcination
Calcination decomposes carbonate ores (e.g., ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂) by heating in limited air. Roasting is for sulfide ores in excess air. Key step in metal extraction. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
The gap between two neurons is called ________.
- Synapse
- Axon
- Dendrite
- Myelin sheath
Answer: Synapse
Synapse is the junction where neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to another. Essential for understanding nerve impulse transmission and brain function. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission is also known as:
- Chandrayaan-1
- Mangalyaan
- Gaganyaan
- Aditya-L1
Answer: Mangalyaan
Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission) made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit (2014). It studied Martian surface and atmosphere. Important for current affairs and science sections. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
True or False: Darwin's theory of natural selection states that organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution where heritable traits enhancing survival/reproduction become more common over generations. Foundational concept in biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Which of the following is a natural polymer?
- Polythene
- PVC
- Cellulose
- Nylon
Answer: Cellulose
Cellulose (in plant cell walls) is a natural polymer of glucose. Polythene, PVC, Nylon are synthetic polymers. Understanding polymer types is important for materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Nuclear fusion powers the Sun and stars.
- True
- False
Answer: True
In stellar cores, hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium under extreme temperature/pressure, releasing vast energy (E=mc²). Fusion differs from fission (splitting heavy nuclei). Key astrophysics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
The ozone layer in stratosphere absorbs harmful ________ radiation from the sun.
- Infrared
- Visible
- Ultraviolet
- Radio
Answer: Ultraviolet
Ozone (O₃) absorbs 97-99% of Sun's medium-frequency UV-B and UV-C rays, protecting life from DNA damage. Ozone depletion by CFCs is a major environmental concern. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, UNEP Reports]]
True or False: Phishing is a type of malware that encrypts files for ransom.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Phishing is social engineering (fraudulent emails) to steal credentials. Ransomware encrypts files for payment. Distinguishing cyber threats is important for digital literacy sections. [[CERT-In Guidelines, NCERT Computer Science]]
Which device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?
- Motor
- Generator
- Transformer
- Inverter
Answer: Generator
Generators work on electromagnetic induction (Faraday's Law): rotating coil in magnetic field induces current. Motors do the reverse. Crucial for power generation concepts. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]