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The functional unit of kidney is called ________.
- Neuron
- Nephron
- Alveolus
- Villus
Answer: Nephron
Nephrons filter blood, reabsorb nutrients, and produce urine. Each kidney has ~1 million nephrons. Understanding nephron structure is vital for physiology questions. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
The distance between two consecutive crests of a wave is called ________.
- Amplitude
- Frequency
- Wavelength
- Time period
Answer: Wavelength
Wavelength (λ) is the spatial period of a wave. Related to frequency (f) and speed (v) by v = fλ. Fundamental for understanding sound, light, and electromagnetic waves. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections like common cold.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Antibiotics target bacterial cell structures/processes. Viruses lack these targets and require antivirals or vaccines. Misuse of antibiotics causes resistance—a major public health issue. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, WHO Guidelines]]
True or False: Like magnetic poles attract each other.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Like poles (N-N or S-S) repel; unlike poles (N-S) attract. This fundamental law of magnetism applies to bar magnets, electromagnets, and Earth's magnetic field. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]
The number of protons in an atom determines its ________ number.
- Mass
- Atomic
- Neutron
- Electron
Answer: Atomic
Atomic number (Z) = proton count, defining an element's identity and position in periodic table. Mass number = protons + neutrons. Foundational concept in chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]
True or False: India is one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India hosts ~7-8% of global species despite having 2.4% of land area. It has four biodiversity hotspots: Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland, Western Ghats. Important for environment and geography sections. [[MoEFCC Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
The commercial unit of electrical energy is:
- Joule
- Watt
- Kilowatt-hour
- Volt-ampere
Answer: Kilowatt-hour
1 kWh = energy consumed by a 1 kW device running for 1 hour = 3.6×10⁶ Joules. Electricity bills use kWh. Understanding units is crucial for numerical problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]
The value of acceleration due to gravity (g) on Earth's surface is approximately ________ m/s².
- 8.9
- 9.8
- 10.2
- 11.0
Answer: 9.8
Standard gravity (g) is 9.8 m/s², varying slightly with altitude and latitude. It's derived from Newton's law of gravitation (g = GM/R²). Essential for mechanics problems in physics. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: Decomposers like fungi and bacteria convert organic matter into inorganic nutrients.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) into soil for producers. This sustains ecosystem productivity and is vital for biogeochemical cycles. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below ________°C above pre-industrial levels.
- 1.5
- 2.0
- 2.5
- 3.0
Answer: 2.0
The 2015 Paris Agreement targets limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, to mitigate climate change impacts. India is a signatory committed to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). [[UNFCCC, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
- Pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary vein
- Aorta
- Vena cava
Answer: Aorta
The aorta is the main artery carrying oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to systemic circulation. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs. Critical for understanding human physiology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: Wi-Fi uses radio waves for wireless communication.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Wi-Fi operates on 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz radio frequency bands to transmit data wirelessly between devices and routers. Understanding this helps in troubleshooting network issues and cybersecurity awareness. [[NCERT Computer Science]]
The process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata is called ________.
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Transpiration
- Guttation
Answer: Transpiration
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plant leaves via stomata. It aids in water uptake, nutrient transport, and cooling. Excessive transpiration can cause wilting. Key concept in botany. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: Rusting of iron is a physical change.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Rusting (formation of hydrated iron(III) oxide) is a chemical change involving oxidation of iron in presence of oxygen and water. It alters chemical composition, unlike physical changes like melting. Important for basic chemistry concepts. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]
One light year is a unit of ________.
- Time
- Distance
- Speed
- Intensity
Answer: Distance
A light year is the distance light travels in one year in vacuum (~9.46 trillion km). It's used in astronomy to measure vast interstellar distances, not time. Common trick question in exams. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Which metal is liquid at room temperature?
- Sodium
- Mercury
- Iron
- Aluminum
Answer: Mercury
Mercury (Hg) is the only metal liquid at standard room temperature (25°C) due to weak metallic bonding. It's used in thermometers, barometers, and electrical switches. Bromine is the only non-metal liquid at room temperature. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]
Which disease is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin C?
- Rickets
- Scurvy
- Beri-Beri
- Night Blindness
Answer: Scurvy
Scurvy results from Vitamin C deficiency, causing weakened collagen synthesis, leading to bleeding gums, joint pain, and poor wound healing. Citrus fruits are rich sources of Vitamin C. Important for health-related exam questions. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: Eutrophication is caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Eutrophication occurs when nutrient runoff (from fertilizers, sewage) causes algal blooms. Depleted oxygen levels from decomposing algae kill aquatic life. It's a major water pollution issue addressed in environmental policies. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, CPCB Reports]]
The enzyme pepsin is secreted by the ________ in the stomach.
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Gastric glands
- Salivary glands
Answer: Gastric glands
Gastric glands in the stomach lining secrete pepsinogen, which converts to active pepsin in acidic environment. Pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides, initiating protein digestion. This is a key concept in human physiology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
Which of the following is a strong acid?
- Acetic Acid
- Citric Acid
- Hydrochloric Acid
- Carbonic Acid
Answer: Hydrochloric Acid
HCl completely dissociates in water into H⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, making it a strong acid. Weak acids like acetic acid only partially dissociate. Strong acids are highly corrosive and used in industrial processes. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]