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The 'Mid-Term Poll' of 1971 was fought on the slogan '______' by Indira Gandhi.
Answer: Garibi Hatao
Indira Gandhi's Congress (R) won the 1971 elections with the slogan 'Garibi Hatao' (Remove Poverty). The victory strengthened her position and led to major policies like bank nationalization and the Bangladesh War. [[30]]
The 'Congress System' described by political scientist Rajni Kothari refers to:
- One-party dominance with internal factions
- Coalition governments
- Military rule
- Presidential system
Answer: One-party dominance with internal factions
The 'Congress System' (1947-1967) featured Congress party dominance at the center, with diverse factions representing different interests. Opposition parties existed but were fragmented, allowing Congress to accommodate dissent internally. [[30]]
The 'Basic Structure Doctrine' was propounded by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
- True
- False
Answer: True
In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court held that Parliament cannot amend the 'basic structure' of the Constitution. This doctrine limits constitutional amendments and protects core democratic values. [[1]]
The concept of 'Directive Principles of State Policy' in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from the ______ Constitution.
Answer: Irish
Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) were inspired by the Irish Constitution. They are non-justiciable guidelines for the state to establish social and economic democracy. [[1]]
The 'Objective Resolution' moved by Nehru in 1946 outlined the basic principles of the Indian Constitution.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objective Resolution on December 13, 1946, outlining principles like sovereignty, democracy, justice, and minority rights. It later formed the basis of the Constitution's Preamble. [[1]]
The ______ system was the traditional land revenue and military organization of the Ahom kingdom.
Answer: Paik
The Paik system was the backbone of Ahom administration. Every able-bodied male (Paik) owed labor or military service to the state in rotation, ensuring both revenue collection and defense readiness. [[30]]
The Ahom kingdom ruled which present-day state for nearly 600 years?
- Manipur
- Assam
- Meghalaya
- Tripura
Answer: Assam
The Ahom dynasty ruled Assam from 1228 to 1826 CE. They successfully resisted Mughal invasions (notably at Saraighat, 1671) and developed a unique administrative system called the Paik system. [[30]]
The construction of railways in India primarily served to transport raw materials to ports for export.
- True
- False
Answer: True
While railways facilitated internal connectivity, their primary purpose was economic exploitation: transporting cotton, jute, and minerals to ports for export to Britain, and distributing British manufactured goods inland. [[1]]
The 'Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act' was passed in the year ______ to protect peasants from moneylenders.
Answer: 1879
The Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act 1879 was enacted after peasant riots against moneylenders. It aimed to regulate moneylending practices and protect cultivators from exploitative interest rates. [[1]]
The 'Commercialization of Agriculture' under British rule led to:
- Increased food security
- Growth of cash crops for export
- Self-sufficient village economies
- Decline in peasant indebtedness
Answer: Growth of cash crops for export
British policies promoted cash crops like indigo, cotton, and jute for export, reducing food grain cultivation. This made Indian agriculture vulnerable to global price fluctuations and contributed to famines. [[1]]
The Deccan school of painting shows influences from Persian, Turkish, and local Indian traditions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Deccan painting (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar) blended Persian elegance with vibrant Indian colors and local themes. It is known for rich landscapes, romantic themes, and distinctive facial types. [[30]]
The ______ school of painting is known for its bold colors and stylized figures from Rajasthan.
Answer: Rajput
Rajput painting (16th-19th century) flourished in Rajput kingdoms like Mewar, Marwar, and Bundi. It depicts royal portraits, hunting scenes, and Hindu epics with vibrant colors and flat perspective. [[30]]
The Mughal school of painting was heavily influenced by:
- Chinese art
- Persian miniature painting
- European Renaissance
- All of the above
Answer: All of the above
Mughal painting blended Persian miniature traditions with Indian themes, Chinese landscape techniques, and later European perspective and shading. Akbar's atelier produced illustrated manuscripts like Hamzanama and Akbarnama. [[30]]
The ancient trade route connecting India with Central Asia and China was known as the ______.
Answer: Silk Road
The Silk Road facilitated trade and cultural exchange between India, Central Asia, China, and the Mediterranean. Indian spices, textiles, and ivory were exchanged for Chinese silk, Central Asian horses, and Roman gold. [[1]]
Which ancient port was known as the 'Gateway of South India' for Roman trade?
- Tamralipti
- Arikamedu
- Muziris
- Bharuch
Answer: Muziris
Muziris (modern Kodungallur, Kerala) was the most important port for Indo-Roman trade in ancient times. Roman coins, amphorae, and artifacts found here confirm extensive maritime commerce with the Mediterranean world. [[1]]
The 'Thumri' is a semi-classical vocal form that originated in ______.
Answer: Lucknow
Thumri, a semi-classical vocal form emphasizing emotion and romance, originated in the Lucknow court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. It is often performed in lighter ragas and talas. [[30]]
Which gharana is associated with the vocal style of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi?
- Gwalior Gharana
- Kirana Gharana
- Jaipur Gharana
- Patiala Gharana
Answer: Kirana Gharana
Pandit Bhimsen Joshi belonged to the Kirana Gharana, known for its emphasis on melody, intricate taans, and devotional renditions. He popularized Hindustani classical music globally. [[30]]
The Quit India Movement was launched on:
- August 8, 1942
- August 15, 1942
- January 26, 1942
- March 12, 1942
Answer: August 8, 1942
The Quit India Movement was launched by Gandhi on August 8, 1942, at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee. The slogan 'Do or Die' inspired mass participation despite immediate arrests of leaders. [[30]]
The 'Reign of Terror' was a phase of which revolution?
- American Revolution
- French Revolution
- Russian Revolution
- Chinese Revolution
Answer: French Revolution
The Reign of Terror (1793-94) was a violent phase of the French Revolution led by the Committee of Public Safety under Robespierre. Thousands were executed by guillotine for alleged counter-revolutionary activities. [[30]]
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was led by Vladimir Lenin.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Vladimir Lenin led the Bolshevik Party in the October Revolution of 1917, overthrowing the provisional government and establishing the world's first communist state in Russia. [[30]]