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Which technology enables location tracking of mobile devices using satellite signals?
- Wi-Fi Positioning
- Cell Tower Triangulation
- GPS
- Bluetooth Beacons
Answer: GPS
GPS (Global Positioning System) uses signals from 24+ satellites to determine precise geographic location (latitude, longitude, altitude) anywhere on Earth. Integrated into smartphones for navigation, ride-hailing, fitness tracking. Works outdoors; assisted by Wi-Fi/cell towers indoors for faster acquisition.
The device that converts digital signals from computer to analog for telephone line transmission is called ________.
Answer: Modem
Modem (Modulator-Demodulator) converts digital data from computers to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines (modulation) and vice versa at receiving end (demodulation). Though largely replaced by broadband, modems established foundational concepts for digital communication over analog infrastructure.
Which data structure allows insertion and deletion from both ends?
- Stack
- Queue
- Deque
- Array
Answer: Deque
Deque (Double-Ended Queue) allows insertion and deletion at both front and rear ends, combining features of stack (LIFO) and queue (FIFO). Implemented using arrays or linked lists. Used in palindrome checking, sliding window problems, and browser history management. Time complexity: O(1) for end operations.
The Digital India initiative was launched in the year 2015.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Digital India was officially launched on July 1, 2015, with vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Built on three pillars: digital infrastructure as utility, governance & services on demand, and digital empowerment of citizens. Encompasses multiple sub-initiatives.
Which security measure converts readable data into unreadable format to protect confidentiality?
- Hashing
- Encryption
- Compression
- Encoding
Answer: Encryption
Encryption transforms plaintext into ciphertext using algorithms and keys, ensuring only authorized parties with decryption key can read the data. Protects data at rest (stored) and in transit (transmitted). Hashing is one-way for integrity; encoding (Base64) is not security; compression reduces size.
The AI approach where systems learn by trial and error using rewards and penalties is called ________ Learning.
Answer: Reinforcement
Reinforcement Learning (RL) trains agents to make sequential decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving rewards/penalties. Used in robotics, game playing (AlphaGo), autonomous vehicles, and resource optimization. Differs from supervised learning (labeled data) and unsupervised learning (pattern discovery).
Which NPCI product enables interoperable cash withdrawals at any bank's ATM using any bank's card?
- NFS
- UPI
- IMPS
- RuPay
Answer: NFS
NFS (National Financial Switch) is NPCI's largest ATM network in India, enabling interoperability so customers can withdraw cash from any bank's ATM using their debit card. Connects over 2.5 lakh ATMs. RuPay is card network, UPI/IMPS are fund transfer systems. NFS handles ATM transaction routing and settlement.
The binary number system uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Binary (base-2) system uses only digits 0 and 1, corresponding to off/on states in digital circuits. All computer data and instructions are ultimately represented in binary. Decimal (base-10), hexadecimal (base-16) are used for human readability but converted to binary for processing.
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing?
- Physical
- Data Link
- Network
- Transport
Answer: Network
Network Layer (Layer 3) handles logical addressing (IP addresses), routing packets between networks, and path determination. Routers operate at this layer. Data Link (Layer 2) handles MAC addresses and local delivery; Transport (Layer 4) manages end-to-end connections and reliability.
A security practice of regularly updating software to fix vulnerabilities is called ________ management.
Answer: Patch
Patch Management is the process of acquiring, testing, and installing code changes (patches) to fix security vulnerabilities, bugs, or improve functionality. Critical for protecting systems from exploits targeting known flaws. Automated tools and scheduled maintenance windows help streamline patch deployment.
What is the name of India's first indigenous aircraft carrier that uses indigenous navigation systems?
- INS Vikrant
- INS Vikramaditya
- INS Chennai
- INS Kolkata
Answer: INS Vikrant
INS Vikrant (IAC-1) is India's first indigenously designed and built aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2022. It incorporates Indian-developed systems including navigation, combat management, and communication. Represents a milestone in India's defense self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) and technological capability.
BharatNet project aims to connect all gram panchayats with optical fiber for high-speed internet.
- True
- False
Answer: True
BharatNet (formerly NOFN) is one of the world's largest rural connectivity projects, aiming to provide minimum 100 Mbps bandwidth to all 2.5 lakh gram panchayats via optical fiber. Enables delivery of e-governance, tele-education, telemedicine, and digital services to rural India.
Which generation of mobile technology introduced mobile internet and email capabilities?
- 1G
- 2G
- 3G
- 4G
Answer: 2G
2G (specifically GPRS/EDGE enhancements) introduced packet-switched data enabling basic mobile internet, email, and MMS. 1G was analog voice only. 3G brought faster data for video calls and web browsing. 4G enabled HD video streaming and app ecosystems. Each generation built upon previous capabilities.
The convergence of physical, digital, and biological spheres characterizes the ________ Industrial Revolution.
Answer: Fourth
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) blends technologies like AI, IoT, robotics, 3D printing, and biotechnology, blurring lines between physical, digital, and biological domains. India's initiatives like SAMARTH Udyog and National Strategy on AI aim to harness this transformation for inclusive growth.
Which storage technology has no moving parts and provides faster access than traditional hard disks?
- HDD
- SSD
- Floppy Disk
- Tape Drive
Answer: SSD
SSD (Solid State Drive) uses flash memory chips with no moving parts, offering faster boot times, file access, and durability compared to HDDs with spinning platters. SSDs are silent, consume less power, and are resistant to physical shock. Prices have decreased, making SSDs standard in modern devices.
UPI transactions require the recipient's bank account number and IFSC code to be entered manually every time.
- True
- False
Answer: False
UPI uses Virtual Payment Addresses (VPAs) like name@bank, eliminating need to enter account number/IFSC repeatedly. Users can also save beneficiaries, scan QR codes, or use mobile numbers linked to UPI. This simplifies payments and reduces errors compared to traditional NEFT/IMPS transfers.
Which attack exploits the trust relationship between a website and a user's browser to perform unauthorized actions?
- XSS
- CSRF
- Clickjacking
- Session Hijacking
Answer: CSRF
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) tricks authenticated users into executing unwanted actions on a web application where they're logged in. Attacker exploits trust between browser and site. Prevention: anti-CSRF tokens, SameSite cookies, checking referrer headers. Distinct from XSS which injects malicious scripts.
The technique of hiding private IP addresses behind a single public IP is called ________.
Answer: NAT
NAT (Network Address Translation) allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address when accessing the internet. Conserves IPv4 addresses and adds a layer of security by hiding internal network structure. Implemented in routers and firewalls.
Which symbol is used to denote comments in Python?
- //
- /*
- #
- --
Answer: #
In Python, # denotes single-line comments. Multi-line comments use triple quotes (''' or """). Other languages: // and /* */ in C/Java/JavaScript, -- in SQL. Comments improve code readability and documentation but are ignored by compilers/interpreters during execution.
Smart contracts on blockchain automatically execute when predefined conditions are met.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Smart contracts are self-executing programs stored on blockchain that automatically enforce agreements when coded conditions are satisfied. Eliminate intermediaries, reduce fraud, and increase transparency. Used in DeFi, supply chain, insurance, and voting. Code vulnerabilities require careful auditing.