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Answer: SAC
Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad, develops communication, remote sensing, and navigation payloads for ISRO satellites. Critical for satellite technology indigenization and application development.
Answer: Knowledge
Zero-Knowledge Proofs enable proving transaction validity without revealing parties or amounts. Critical for privacy-preserving CBDC and crypto systems while maintaining auditability for regulators.
Answer: SEBI
SEBI regulates crypto assets classified as securities (security tokens, certain NFTs). Framework evolving to address tokenization of real-world assets, investor protection, and market integrity.
Answer: True
CBDC design can include holding limits, tiered remuneration, and intermediation models to preserve bank deposit role. Critical for financial stability while enabling digital payment innovation.
Answer: All of these
Privacy techniques: Ring signatures obscure sender; Bulletproofs provide efficient range proofs; Confidential Transactions hide amounts using Pedersen commitments. Balance privacy with regulatory auditability.
Answer: Travel
Travel Rule (FATF Recommendation 16) requires VASPs to transmit sender/receiver information for crypto transactions above threshold. Implemented via protocols like IVMS101. Critical for cross-border AML compliance.
Answer: True
Stablecoin types: fiat-collateralized (USDC), crypto-collateralized (DAI), algorithmic (failed Terra). Regulatory focus: reserve transparency, redemption rights, systemic risk mitigation. Critical for crypto ecosystem understanding.
Answer: PMLA
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) amended to include VASPs as reporting entities. Requires KYC, transaction monitoring, and suspicious activity reporting. Critical for crypto compliance framework.
Answer: Government Securities / G-Sec
e₹-W pilot tests real-time gross settlement of government securities transactions between banks and financial institutions. Aims to improve efficiency, reduce counterparty risk, and enable new financial products.
Answer: Token-based with Privacy
Token-based CBDC with privacy features (blind signatures, ZK-proofs) enables pseudonymous transactions while maintaining central bank oversight. Balances privacy with AML/CFT compliance requirements.
Answer: True
Edge computing reduces data transmission to cloud, lowering network energy use. Local processing enables real-time decisions with lower latency. Trade-off: managing distributed infrastructure complexity.
Answer: Utilization / CCU
CCU (Carbon Capture and Utilization) transforms captured CO2 into products: synthetic fuels, plastics, concrete, chemicals. Creates economic value while reducing emissions. India researching CCU pathways under climate innovation.
Answer: Free Air Cooling
Free air cooling uses filtered outside air when ambient conditions permit, reducing chiller usage by 30-70%. Implemented in Google, Facebook data centers. Critical for PUE improvement and operational cost reduction.
Answer: True
Article 6.4 creates UN-supervised mechanism for trading emission reductions between countries, replacing CDM. Aims to ensure environmental integrity, avoid double counting, and support sustainable development.
Answer: Solar PV
Solar PV costs declined ~90% (2010-2020) due to manufacturing scale, technology improvements, and supply chain optimization. Now cheapest electricity source in many regions. India targets 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030.
Answer: Green / Energy-Efficient
Green programming optimizes algorithms, data structures, and code execution for lower CPU/memory usage, reducing energy footprint. Critical for sustainable software development and large-scale systems.
Answer: True
One carbon credit = 1 tonne CO2e reduced/removed. Traded in compliance markets (regulated caps) and voluntary markets (corporate ESG). Quality depends on additionality, permanence, and verification standards.
Answer: Direct Air Capture
DAC uses chemical sorbents to extract CO2 from ambient air, enabling carbon removal independent of emission sources. Energy-intensive but critical for net-zero pathways. India exploring DAC under climate strategy.
Answer: Situ / ISRU
ISRU extracts and processes lunar materials (regolith, water ice) for construction, life support, and propellant production. Critical for sustainable lunar bases and deep space exploration economics.
Answer: All of these
HTS combines: spot beams for focused coverage, frequency reuse for capacity multiplication, adaptive coding for link optimization. Enables 100+ Gbps throughput for broadband, backhaul, and enterprise services.