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Which practice reduces network energy consumption through intelligent traffic management?
- Software-Defined Networking
- Energy-Aware Routing
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Energy-efficient networking: SDN enables dynamic resource allocation; energy-aware routing selects paths minimizing power use. Critical for sustainable telecom and data center operations.
Carbon credit prices are determined by supply-demand dynamics in compliance and voluntary markets.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Carbon prices vary by market: compliance markets (regulated caps) vs voluntary (corporate ESG). Influenced by policy stringency, project quality, economic conditions. Critical for climate finance planning.
Which technology enables precision livestock farming to reduce methane emissions?
- Wearable Sensors
- Feed Optimization
- Manure Management
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Precision livestock: sensors monitor health/behavior, optimized feed reduces enteric fermentation, manure management captures methane. Critical for sustainable agriculture and climate mitigation.
The resource extracted from lunar soil that can be used for construction is called ________.
Answer: Regolith
Lunar regolith (soil) can be processed into bricks, concrete, or 3D-printed structures using sintering or binding techniques. Critical for sustainable lunar base construction without Earth imports.
Which technology enables seamless handover between satellite beams for mobile users?
- Beam Steering
- Handover Protocols
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Mobile satellite services require: beam steering to track users, handover protocols for seamless transition between beams/satellites. Critical for continuous connectivity in vehicles, aviation, maritime.
On-orbit servicing can extend satellite lifespan by refueling or repairing components.
- True
- False
Answer: True
In-orbit servicing (robotic arms, refueling) extends satellite life, reduces space debris, enables new business models. ISRO's SPADEX tested docking; global companies developing servicing tech.
Which CBDC benefit enables faster disaster relief fund distribution?
- Direct Transfers
- Programmable Conditions
- Offline Capability
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CBDC for disaster response: direct transfers to affected individuals, programmable conditions for essential goods, offline mode for damaged infrastructure. Critical for resilient social protection.
The global standard for crypto asset classification is developed by ________.
Answer: FATF / Financial Action Task Force
FATF provides international standards for virtual asset definition, VASP regulation, and AML/CFT requirements. Countries implement through domestic laws for cross-border consistency.
Which CBDC design enables offline transactions with deferred settlement?
- Secure Hardware Storage
- Delayed Synchronization
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware (SE/TEE) to store transactions locally, synchronizing with central ledger when connectivity restored. Critical for inclusion in connectivity-challenged areas.
India's crypto tax framework requires reporting of all virtual digital asset transactions regardless of profit/loss.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Section 115BBH taxes crypto transfers at 30% on gross value, with 1% TDS. No loss offset allowed. Critical for comprehensive tax compliance and transaction tracking.
Which technology enables confidential CBDC transactions while allowing regulatory oversight?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Confidential Transactions
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Privacy-preserving CBDC: ZK-proofs verify validity without revealing details; confidential transactions hide amounts using cryptographic commitments. Enable auditability for regulators while protecting user privacy.
The CBDC feature that enables transaction limits to prevent illicit flows is called ________ Controls.
Answer: Transaction / AML
AML controls in CBDC: transaction size limits, velocity checks, suspicious pattern detection. Balance financial inclusion with regulatory compliance and security requirements.
CBDC can enable programmable tax collection at point of transaction.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Programmable CBDC with smart contracts can automate tax withholding on transactions, reducing compliance burden and evasion. Requires careful design to balance efficiency with privacy.
Which Indian authority issues guidelines for crypto advertising and investor protection?
- RBI
- SEBI
- ASCI
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Multi-regulator approach: RBI warns on risks, SEBI regulates security tokens, ASCI sets advertising standards. Critical for consumer protection and market integrity in evolving crypto landscape.
The CBDC pilot testing interoperability with UPI is called ________ Integration Pilot.
Answer: e₹-UPI / Digital Rupee
e₹-UPI integration tests seamless transactions between CBDC wallets and UPI apps, enabling user choice and ecosystem interoperability. Critical for digital payment evolution and adoption.
Which CBDC feature enables conditional welfare payments with usage restrictions?
- Smart Contracts
- Programmable Money
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
Renewable energy procurement can significantly reduce data center carbon footprint.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data centers can purchase renewable energy via PPAs, RECs, or on-site generation. Combined with efficiency measures, enables net-zero operations. Critical for corporate climate commitments.
Which mechanism ensures carbon credits represent permanent emission reductions?
- Buffer Pools
- Insurance Mechanisms
- Long-term Monitoring
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Permanence safeguards: buffer pools set aside credits for reversals; insurance covers unexpected losses; monitoring verifies long-term storage. Critical for credible carbon offset markets.
The technology that uses satellite data to monitor deforestation and forest degradation is called ________ Monitoring.
Answer: Forest / REDD+
Satellite-based forest monitoring (Sentinel, Landsat) enables near-real-time detection of deforestation, supporting REDD+ programs and climate reporting. Critical for environmental governance.
Which practice reduces software energy consumption by optimizing code execution?
- Algorithm Efficiency
- Resource Management
- Caching Strategies
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Energy-efficient software: optimized algorithms reduce computational complexity; resource management minimizes idle time; caching avoids redundant processing. Critical for sustainable application development.