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Which mechanism ensures carbon credits represent real emission reductions?
- Additionality Testing
- Baseline Methodology
- Third-party Verification
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity: additionality proves reductions beyond business-as-usual; robust baselines define counterfactual; independent verification ensures accuracy. Critical for market credibility.
The technology that uses AI to optimize electric vehicle charging based on grid conditions is called ________ Charging.
Answer: Smart / V2G
Smart charging: AI optimizes EV charging timing based on grid load, renewable availability, electricity prices. V2G enables bidirectional flow for grid services. Critical for sustainable mobility integration.
Which practice reduces cloud computing emissions by scheduling workloads during renewable energy peaks?
- Carbon-Aware Computing
- Green Scheduling
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Carbon-aware computing: schedule batch jobs when grid renewable fraction is highest, use geographic load balancing to low-carbon regions. Critical for sustainable cloud operations.
Voluntary carbon markets require third-party verification to ensure credit quality.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Credible voluntary markets: independent verification of emission reductions, adherence to standards (Verra, Gold Standard), transparent registries. Critical for corporate ESG credibility and climate finance.
Which technology enables real-time monitoring of urban air quality for pollution control?
- IoT Sensor Networks
- Satellite Remote Sensing
- AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Urban air quality monitoring: IoT sensors for hyperlocal data, satellites for regional patterns, AI for source attribution and forecasting. Critical for public health and environmental policy.
The process of producing rocket fuel from lunar water ice is called ________ Production.
Answer: Propellant / ISRU
In-situ propellant production: electrolyze lunar water ice into hydrogen/oxygen for rocket fuel. Enables lunar refueling depot for deep space missions, reducing Earth launch mass requirements.
Which technology enables high-capacity satellite backhaul for 5G networks?
- HTS
- Ka-band
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
High-Throughput Satellites (HTS) with Ka-band provide 100+ Gbps capacity for 5G backhaul in remote areas. Critical for bridging digital divide and supporting mobile network expansion.
Cubesat standards enable low-cost access to space for research and technology demonstrations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cubesat standardization (1U=10x10x10cm) reduces development cost/time, enables rideshare launches. India promotes Cubesats via ISRO and academic programs for capacity building and innovation.
Which CBDC benefit enables programmable subsidies with usage restrictions?
- Smart Contracts
- Conditional Transfers
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
The international body that sets standards for crypto asset service provider supervision is ________.
Answer: FATF / Financial Action Task Force
FATF provides global AML/CFT standards for VASPs: registration, risk assessment, Travel Rule implementation. Countries align domestic regulations for cross-border consistency.
Which CBDC design enables offline transactions with fraud prevention?
- Secure Element Hardware
- Transaction Limits
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Offline CBDC security: secure hardware (SE/TEE) prevents tampering; transaction limits minimize loss exposure; delayed synchronization enables fraud detection. Critical for inclusive yet secure design.
India's crypto regulatory framework requires VASPs to maintain capital reserves for operational risks.
- True
- False
Answer: False
As of 2026, India's crypto regulation focuses on AML/KYC and taxation. Capital requirements for VASPs are under consideration but not yet mandated. Critical for understanding evolving regulatory landscape.
The CBDC feature that enables transaction privacy for small-value payments is called ________ Threshold.
Answer: Privacy / Anonymity
Privacy thresholds allow small CBDC transactions with minimal identity disclosure, balancing inclusion with AML requirements. Larger transactions require enhanced verification. Critical for user adoption.
CBDC can enable real-time settlement of securities transactions, reducing counterparty risk.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Wholesale CBDC enables delivery-versus-payment settlement: securities and cash transfer simultaneously, eliminating settlement risk. Critical for financial market infrastructure modernization.
Which Indian provision requires crypto exchanges to implement customer due diligence?
- PMLA Rules
- IT Act
- SEBI Guidelines
- RBI Directions
Answer: PMLA Rules
PMLA rules mandate VASPs to perform KYC: identity verification, source of funds assessment, ongoing monitoring. Critical for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing via crypto.
The CBDC architecture that enables interoperability with commercial bank systems is called ________ Architecture.
Answer: Two-Tier / Hybrid
Two-tier CBDC: central bank issues digital currency, commercial banks distribute and manage customer accounts. Preserves existing financial intermediation while enabling digital innovation.
Which CBDC feature enables automatic compliance with foreign exchange regulations?
- Programmable Rules
- Smart Contracts
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC can embed FX rules: transaction limits, reporting thresholds, approval workflows. Enhances regulatory compliance while reducing manual processing overhead.
Virtualization reduces server energy consumption by consolidating workloads onto fewer physical machines.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Server virtualization improves utilization from 10-15% to 60-80%, reducing hardware, power, cooling needs. Critical for data center efficiency and cost reduction in cloud environments.
Which mechanism prevents double issuance of carbon credits?
- Unique Serial Numbers
- Central Registry
- Blockchain Tracking
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity: unique identifiers prevent duplication; central registries track issuance/retirement; blockchain enables transparent, tamper-proof records. Critical for market trust.
The technology that uses AI to optimize building energy consumption is called ________ Management System.
Answer: Building Energy / BEMS
BEMS uses IoT sensors, AI analytics, and automation to optimize HVAC, lighting, equipment operation. Reduces energy waste by 20-40% while maintaining comfort. Critical for green building certifications.