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Cubesats are standardized small satellites measuring 10x10x10 cm per unit.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cubesat standard (1U = 10x10x10 cm, up to 12U) enables low-cost access to space for research, technology demos, and education. India promotes Cubesats via ISRO and academic programs for capacity building.
Which lunar resource is valuable for nuclear fusion research?
- Water Ice
- Helium-3
- Rare Earth Elements
- Titanium
Answer: Helium-3
Helium-3, deposited by solar wind on lunar surface, is a potential fuel for aneutronic fusion reactors producing minimal radioactive waste. Extraction remains technologically challenging but scientifically valuable.
The technique of dynamically allocating bandwidth based on demand in satellite networks is called ________ Access.
Answer: Demand Assigned Multiple / DAMA
DAMA allocates satellite channels dynamically based on user demand, improving spectrum efficiency vs fixed allocation. Critical for cost-effective broadband services, especially in variable traffic scenarios.
The Artemis program aims to establish a sustainable human presence on the Moon by late 2020s.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NASA's Artemis program: Artemis I (uncrewed test), Artemis II (crewed flyby), Artemis III (lunar landing). Includes Gateway lunar station and international partnerships. India signed Artemis Accords for cooperative exploration.
Which frequency band offers best building penetration for mobile satellite services?
- Ka-band
- Ku-band
- L-band
- V-band
Answer: L-band
L-band (1-2 GHz) has longer wavelength enabling better penetration through buildings, foliage, and weather. Used for mobile satellite services, GPS, and emergency communications. Trade-off: lower bandwidth vs higher frequencies.
The Indian satellite series dedicated to Earth observation and remote sensing is called ________.
Answer: CARTOSAT / EOS
CARTOSAT series provides high-resolution imagery for cartography, urban planning, and strategic applications. EOS (Earth Observation Satellite) series focuses on climate, agriculture, and disaster monitoring. Critical for geospatial technology questions.
Geostationary satellites orbit at approximately 35,786 km above Earth's equator.
- True
- False
Answer: True
GEO satellites match Earth's rotation, appearing stationary from ground. Advantages: continuous coverage, simple ground equipment. Disadvantages: high latency (~250ms), polar coverage gaps. Critical for satellite communication planning.
Which ISRO mission will study Venus's atmosphere and surface?
- Shukrayaan-1
- Mangalyaan-2
- Aditya-L2
- Gaganyaan-2
Answer: Shukrayaan-1
Shukrayaan-1 is India's planned Venus orbiter mission (target launch ~2028) to study the planet's thick atmosphere, surface processes, and solar wind interactions. Will carry Indian and international payloads for comprehensive planetary science.
Which standard ensures carbon offset projects deliver real, additional, and permanent emission reductions?
- Gold Standard
- Verra VCS
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Gold Standard and Verra's Verified Carbon Standard certify offset projects with rigorous methodologies: additionality, permanence, leakage prevention. Critical for carbon market integrity and climate finance.
Methane capture from landfills and agriculture reduces potent greenhouse gas emissions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Methane (CH4) has 28-36x global warming potential of CO2 over 100 years. Capture technologies: anaerobic digesters, landfill gas collection, rice cultivation alternatives. Critical for near-term climate mitigation.
Which resource on the Moon is valuable for producing rocket propellant?
- Helium-3
- Water Ice
- Rare Earth Elements
- All of these
Answer: Water Ice
Lunar water ice (south pole craters) can be electrolyzed into hydrogen/oxygen for rocket fuel. Enables in-situ resource utilization for sustainable lunar exploration and deep space missions.
The technique of using multiple frequency bands to increase satellite network capacity is called ________ Reuse.
Answer: Frequency
Frequency reuse assigns same frequencies to non-interfering beams/regions, multiplying network capacity. Critical for high-throughput satellites and LEO constellations serving global broadband.
Which Indian initiative enables private companies to provide satellite-based services?
- IN-SPACe
- NSIL
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
IN-SPACe authorizes private space activities; NSIL commercializes ISRO technologies via industry partnerships. Together they enable India's growing commercial space ecosystem.
Which quantum application enables simulation of complex molecular interactions for drug discovery?
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Sensing
- Quantum Communication
- Quantum Cryptography
Answer: Quantum Computing
Quantum computers simulate quantum systems (molecules, materials) exponentially faster than classical computers for specific problems. Critical for drug discovery, materials science, and chemistry research.
The process of documenting AI system decisions for audit and review is called AI ________.
Answer: Logging / Audit Trail
AI logging records inputs, model versions, predictions, and outcomes for accountability, debugging, and regulatory compliance. Critical for high-stakes applications: finance, healthcare, criminal justice.
Which technique enables AI models to be updated without retraining from scratch?
- Transfer Learning
- Federated Learning
- Continual Learning
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Efficient AI updates: Transfer Learning adapts pre-trained models; Federated Learning trains on-device; Continual Learning incorporates new data incrementally. Critical for adaptive, resource-efficient AI systems.
The principle of data minimization requires collecting only necessary personal information for AI training.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data minimization (DPDP Act, GDPR) limits collection to what's necessary for specified purpose. Reduces privacy risks, storage costs, and breach impact. Critical for responsible AI data practices.
Which international body sets standards for anti-money laundering in virtual asset services?
- FATF
- IMF
- World Bank
- BIS
Answer: FATF
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) sets global AML/CFT standards including Travel Rule for VASPs. Countries implement through domestic laws. Critical for cross-border crypto compliance.
The blockchain consensus mechanism that selects validators based on staked cryptocurrency is called Proof of ________.
Answer: Stake
Proof of Stake selects block validators proportional to staked coins, reducing energy consumption vs Proof of Work. Used by Ethereum, Cardano, Solana. Critical for understanding crypto sustainability.
Which CBDC benefit enables programmable welfare payments with usage restrictions?
- Faster Settlement
- Lower Costs
- Conditional Transfers
- All of these
Answer: Conditional Transfers
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.