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Which mechanism prevents double counting of emission reductions between countries?
- Corresponding Adjustments
- Baseline Setting
- Third-party Verification
- All of these
Answer: Corresponding Adjustments
Corresponding adjustments under Article 6 ensure emission reductions transferred internationally are subtracted from seller's inventory and added to buyer's. Prevents double counting, maintains environmental integrity.
Which practice reduces cloud computing carbon footprint by selecting renewable-powered regions?
- Green Cloud Selection
- Carbon-Aware Scheduling
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Green cloud strategies: choose regions with high renewable energy mix, schedule workloads when grid is cleanest. Tools: Cloud Carbon Footprint, AWS Customer Carbon Footprint Tool. Critical for sustainable IT operations.
Which technology enables precision irrigation to reduce water consumption in agriculture?
- Drip Irrigation
- Soil Moisture Sensors
- AI-based Scheduling
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Precision irrigation combines: drip systems for targeted delivery, IoT sensors for real-time soil data, AI for optimal scheduling. Reduces water use by 30-60% while maintaining yields. Critical for water-stressed regions.
Which ISRO center develops satellite communication payloads?
- VSSC
- URSC
- SAC
- LPSC
Answer: SAC
Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad, develops communication, remote sensing, and navigation payloads for ISRO satellites. Critical for satellite technology indigenization and application development.
Which Indian authority oversees securities-like crypto tokens?
- RBI
- SEBI
- IRDAI
- PFRDA
Answer: SEBI
SEBI regulates crypto assets classified as securities (security tokens, certain NFTs). Framework evolving to address tokenization of real-world assets, investor protection, and market integrity.
Which technology enables confidential transactions by hiding amounts while proving validity?
- Ring Signatures
- Bulletproofs
- Confidential Transactions
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy techniques: Ring signatures obscure sender; Bulletproofs provide efficient range proofs; Confidential Transactions hide amounts using Pedersen commitments. Balance privacy with regulatory auditability.
Which CBDC feature enables automatic tax withholding on transactions?
- Smart Contracts
- Programmable Money
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC with smart contracts can automate tax collection at point of transaction, reducing compliance burden and evasion. Requires careful design to balance efficiency with privacy and user control.
Which Indian law requires Virtual Asset Service Providers to register with FIU-IND?
- IT Act 2000
- PMLA
- DPDP Act
- SEBI Act
Answer: PMLA
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) amended to include VASPs as reporting entities. Requires KYC, transaction monitoring, and suspicious activity reporting. Critical for crypto compliance framework.
Which CBDC design enables transactions without revealing user identity to merchants?
- Account-based
- Token-based with Privacy
- Hybrid
- All of these
Answer: Token-based with Privacy
Token-based CBDC with privacy features (blind signatures, ZK-proofs) enables pseudonymous transactions while maintaining central bank oversight. Balances privacy with AML/CFT compliance requirements.
Which principle ensures carbon credits represent emission reductions that wouldn't have occurred otherwise?
- Additionality
- Permanence
- Leakage Prevention
- All of these
Answer: Additionality
Additionality requires proving project emissions reductions are beyond business-as-usual scenario. Critical for carbon market integrity: prevents crediting actions that would happen anyway. Verified through baseline methodologies.
Which data center cooling technology uses outside air to reduce mechanical cooling needs?
- Chilled Water
- Free Air Cooling
- Liquid Immersion
- Evaporative Cooling
Answer: Free Air Cooling
Free air cooling uses filtered outside air when ambient conditions permit, reducing chiller usage by 30-70%. Implemented in Google, Facebook data centers. Critical for PUE improvement and operational cost reduction.
Which renewable energy technology has seen fastest cost decline globally in past decade?
- Solar PV
- Wind Power
- Hydropower
- Geothermal
Answer: Solar PV
Solar PV costs declined ~90% (2010-2020) due to manufacturing scale, technology improvements, and supply chain optimization. Now cheapest electricity source in many regions. India targets 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030.
Which technology captures CO2 directly from ambient air for storage or utilization?
- Point Source CCS
- Direct Air Capture
- Bioenergy CCS
- Enhanced Weathering
Answer: Direct Air Capture
DAC uses chemical sorbents to extract CO2 from ambient air, enabling carbon removal independent of emission sources. Energy-intensive but critical for net-zero pathways. India exploring DAC under climate strategy.
Which technology enables high-throughput satellites to serve multiple beams simultaneously?
- Frequency Reuse
- Spot Beams
- Adaptive Coding
- All of these
Answer: All of these
HTS combines: spot beams for focused coverage, frequency reuse for capacity multiplication, adaptive coding for link optimization. Enables 100+ Gbps throughput for broadband, backhaul, and enterprise services.
Which lunar resource is valuable for nuclear fusion research?
- Water Ice
- Helium-3
- Rare Earth Elements
- Titanium
Answer: Helium-3
Helium-3, deposited by solar wind on lunar surface, is a potential fuel for aneutronic fusion reactors producing minimal radioactive waste. Extraction remains technologically challenging but scientifically valuable.
Which propulsion technology enables efficient deep space missions with continuous low-thrust?
- Chemical Rockets
- Ion Propulsion
- Nuclear Thermal
- Solar Sails
Answer: Ion Propulsion
Ion thrusters use electric fields to accelerate ions, providing high specific impulse (fuel efficiency) with low thrust. Ideal for deep space missions: Dawn, BepiColombo. ISRO developing electric propulsion for future missions.
Which frequency band offers best building penetration for mobile satellite services?
- Ka-band
- Ku-band
- L-band
- V-band
Answer: L-band
L-band (1-2 GHz) has longer wavelength enabling better penetration through buildings, foliage, and weather. Used for mobile satellite services, GPS, and emergency communications. Trade-off: lower bandwidth vs higher frequencies.
Which ISRO mission will study Venus's atmosphere and surface?
- Shukrayaan-1
- Mangalyaan-2
- Aditya-L2
- Gaganyaan-2
Answer: Shukrayaan-1
Shukrayaan-1 is India's planned Venus orbiter mission (target launch ~2028) to study the planet's thick atmosphere, surface processes, and solar wind interactions. Will carry Indian and international payloads for comprehensive planetary science.
Which standard ensures carbon offset projects deliver real, additional, and permanent emission reductions?
- Gold Standard
- Verra VCS
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Gold Standard and Verra's Verified Carbon Standard certify offset projects with rigorous methodologies: additionality, permanence, leakage prevention. Critical for carbon market integrity and climate finance.
Which resource on the Moon is valuable for producing rocket propellant?
- Helium-3
- Water Ice
- Rare Earth Elements
- All of these
Answer: Water Ice
Lunar water ice (south pole craters) can be electrolyzed into hydrogen/oxygen for rocket fuel. Enables in-situ resource utilization for sustainable lunar exploration and deep space missions.