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Which principle ensures technology regulations adapt to innovation without stifling development?
- Technology Neutrality
- Proportionality
- Future-Proofing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Effective tech policy: technology-neutral (focus on outcomes), proportionate to risks, adaptable to innovation. Balances consumer protection with innovation incentives. Critical for policy design.
Which method handles missing data by creating multiple plausible imputations?
- Mean Imputation
- Multiple Imputation
- Deletion
- Forward Fill
Answer: Multiple Imputation
Multiple imputation creates several completed datasets with different plausible values for missing data, analyzing each and combining results. Accounts for uncertainty vs single imputation methods.
Which migration strategy involves re-architecting applications for cloud-native patterns?
- Rehost
- Replatform
- Refactor
- Repurchase
Answer: Refactor
Refactor (re-architect) redesigns applications for cloud-native: microservices, serverless, containers. Maximizes cloud benefits but requires significant effort. Critical for digital transformation.
The technique that trains models on multiple tasks simultaneously to improve generalization is called ________ Learning.
Answer: Multi-Task
Multi-task learning shares representations across related tasks, improving sample efficiency and generalization. Critical for building versatile AI systems with limited labeled data per task.
Which method reduces LLM hallucinations by grounding responses in retrieved external knowledge?
- Fine-tuning
- RAG
- Prompt Engineering
- All of these
Answer: RAG
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) combines LLMs with external knowledge retrieval, reducing hallucinations by grounding responses in verified sources. Critical for factual accuracy in enterprise AI applications.
Which architecture forms the foundation of modern Large Language Models like GPT and LLaMA?
- CNN
- RNN
- Transformer
- LSTM
Answer: Transformer
Transformer architecture (Vaswani et al., 2017) uses self-attention mechanisms to process sequences in parallel, enabling scaling to billions of parameters. Foundation for GPT, BERT, LLaMA, and other LLMs. Critical for understanding modern AI systems.
Which technology enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual inputs like images and videos?
- NLP
- Computer Vision
- Speech Recognition
- Robotics
Answer: Computer Vision
Computer Vision enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world using cameras and AI algorithms. Applications include facial recognition, medical imaging analysis, autonomous vehicles, quality inspection, and augmented reality. Combines deep learning, image processing, and pattern recognition.
The concept where physical and digital worlds merge through smart devices and data exchange is called Industry ________.
Answer: 4.0
Industry 4.0 (Fourth Industrial Revolution) integrates IoT, AI, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, and real-time data analytics into manufacturing. Enables smart factories with predictive maintenance, mass customization, and autonomous decision-making. India's SAMARTH Udyog initiative promotes Industry 4.0 adoption in MSMEs.
Which attack exploits vulnerabilities in software by injecting malicious SQL code through input fields?
- XSS
- SQL Injection
- Buffer Overflow
- CSRF
Answer: SQL Injection
SQL Injection occurs when attackers insert malicious SQL statements into input fields to manipulate database queries. Can lead to data theft, deletion, or unauthorized access. Prevention: use parameterized queries, input validation, ORM frameworks, and least-privilege database accounts.
Which ISRO launch vehicle is designed for launching heavy communication satellites to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit?
- PSLV
- GSLV Mk III
- SSLV
- ASLV
Answer: GSLV Mk III
GSLV Mk III (now called LVM3) is ISRO's heavy-lift launch vehicle capable of placing 4-ton class satellites into GTO. It was used for Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, and OneWeb satellite launches. PSLV handles lighter polar orbits; SSLV is for small satellites; ASLV was retired.
Edge computing processes data closer to the source of generation rather than sending all data to centralized cloud servers.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Edge computing brings computation and data storage closer to IoT devices and data sources, reducing latency, bandwidth usage, and improving real-time processing. Critical for autonomous vehicles, industrial IoT, and smart cities where milliseconds matter. Complements, not replaces, cloud computing.
Which AI technique is used for generating realistic images, videos, or text by learning data patterns?
- Decision Trees
- Generative Adversarial Networks
- Linear Regression
- K-Means Clustering
Answer: Generative Adversarial Networks
GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) consist of two neural networks - a generator that creates fake data and a discriminator that evaluates authenticity. They compete to improve output quality. Used in deepfakes, art generation, drug discovery, and data augmentation. Ethical concerns include misinformation.
A security approach that assumes no user or device is trusted by default, even inside the network, is called ________ Trust.
Answer: Zero
Zero Trust is a cybersecurity framework that requires strict identity verification for every person and device accessing resources on a private network, regardless of location. It follows 'never trust, always verify' principle, using micro-segmentation, least-privilege access, and continuous monitoring.
Which encryption method uses a pair of keys (public and private) for secure communication?
- Symmetric Encryption
- Asymmetric Encryption
- Hashing
- Steganography
Answer: Asymmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption (Public-Key Cryptography) uses two mathematically related keys: public key for encryption and private key for decryption. Examples include RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman. It enables secure key exchange and digital signatures, unlike symmetric encryption which uses a single shared key.
Which regulatory approach treats crypto assets based on economic function rather than technology?
- Technology-Neutral Regulation
- Substance-Over-Form
- Risk-Based Supervision
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design.
Which regulatory principle ensures crypto rules are proportionate to risks posed?
- Proportionality
- Technology Neutrality
- Risk-Based Approach
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Effective crypto regulation: proportionate to actual risks (not one-size-fits-all), technology-neutral (focus on function), risk-based (higher scrutiny for higher-risk activities). Critical for balanced policy design.
Which principle requires crypto regulations to adapt to technological innovation?
- Technology Neutrality
- Proportionality
- Future-Proofing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Effective crypto regulation: technology-neutral (focus on function), proportionate to risks, adaptable to innovation. Avoids stifling development while ensuring consumer protection and financial stability.
Which regulatory approach treats crypto assets based on their economic function rather than underlying technology?
- Technology-Neutral Regulation
- Substance-Over-Form Principle
- Risk-Based Supervision
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design.
Which framework classifies crypto assets based on economic function rather than technology?
- Technology-Neutral Approach
- Substance-Over-Form
- Risk-Based Regulation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design questions.
Which mechanism prevents double counting of emission reductions between countries?
- Corresponding Adjustments
- Baseline Setting
- Third-party Verification
- All of these
Answer: Corresponding Adjustments
Corresponding adjustments under Article 6 ensure emission reductions transferred internationally are subtracted from seller's inventory and added to buyer's. Prevents double counting, maintains environmental integrity.