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Answer: Hague System
The Hague System simplifies design protection: one application, one language, one set of fees for up to 100 designs in 90+ jurisdictions. It streamlines management (renewals, changes) via WIPO, reducing costs and administrative burden for businesses seeking global design rights.
Answer: International Recruitment Integrity System (IRIS)
IRIS is a voluntary certification system for recruitment agencies. It sets standards for fair contracts, pre-departure orientation, grievance mechanisms, and monitoring. By recognizing ethical recruiters, IRIS reduces exploitation risks, protects migrant rights, and builds trust in labor migration governance.
Answer: Principle of Supervisory Powers
Effective supervision requires proactive oversight: reviewing records, interviewing staff, and testing controls. On-site inspections complement off-site monitoring, enabling early detection of fraud, risk management failures, or governance weaknesses, thereby protecting investors and maintaining market integrity.
Answer: e-Navigation Strategy Implementation Plan
Developed with IMO, the Plan guides harmonized implementation of e-Navigation: standardized data formats, integrated bridge systems, and shore-ship communication. It enables dynamic routing, collision avoidance, and emission reduction, supporting safer, greener, and more efficient global shipping.
Answer: Islamic Food Security Initiative
Launched in 2020, the Initiative addresses vulnerabilities exposed by the pandemic and climate change. It promotes climate-resilient crops, efficient irrigation, post-harvest technologies, and inclusive value chains to reduce import dependence, stabilize prices, and ensure nutritious food access for all.
Answer: Recommendation 24
Rec. 24 targets opacity in corporate structures that criminals exploit. Beneficial ownership transparency enables authorities to 'follow the money', identify controllers behind shell companies, and disrupt money laundering, terrorist financing, corruption, and tax evasion schemes.
Answer: All of the above
These initiatives complement each other: Principles set standards for project design and governance; GIF mobilizes capital for preparation; ITAN connects investors with bankable projects. Together, they address the infrastructure gap while ensuring investments contribute to sustainable development and climate action.
Answer: Foreign Direct Investment Screening Regulation
Effective since 2020, the FDI Screening Regulation creates a cooperation mechanism for reviewing investments in critical infrastructure, technologies, and supply chains. It balances openness to investment with protection of essential interests, reflecting evolving geopolitical and economic security considerations.
Answer: All of the above
These initiatives build soft power and long-term cooperation: SCO University coordinates joint degree programs; the Cultural Forum showcases arts and heritage; the Youth Council engages young leaders. Together, they strengthen the 'Shanghai Spirit' of trust and shared development across diverse civilizations.
Answer: International custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law
Article 38 lists primary sources: international conventions, customary international law, general principles of law, and (as subsidiary means) judicial decisions and scholarly writings. Customary law requires widespread state practice accompanied by opinio juris (belief of legal obligation), forming binding rules beyond treaties.
Answer: Endangered Languages Programme
With over 40% of languages at risk of disappearance, UNESCO supports documentation, policy development, and educational initiatives to preserve linguistic heritage. Language diversity is recognized as essential for cultural identity, traditional knowledge transmission, and sustainable development.
Answer: All of the above
The World Bank Group channels climate finance through multiple vehicles: CIFs (scaled-up pilot programs), GEF (biodiversity, land degradation), and GCF (largest dedicated climate fund). These resources support mitigation, adaptation, and capacity building aligned with national development priorities and Paris Agreement goals.
Answer: Integrated approaches including land rights, finance, technology, and leadership
IFAD recognizes that empowering rural women requires addressing multiple constraints simultaneously. Projects support women's access to productive resources, financial services, climate-smart technologies, and participation in farmer organizations and local governance, driving inclusive rural transformation.
Answer: Madrid Agreement and Protocol
The Madrid System allows trademark owners to seek protection in over 130 jurisdictions by filing one application in one language with one set of fees. It simplifies management (renewals, changes) through WIPO, reducing costs and administrative burden for global brand protection.
Answer: All of the above
IOM's data ecosystem provides tools for policy design: Migration Profiles offer country-specific overviews; MGIs assess policy frameworks; and the Data Strategy strengthens national statistical systems. This evidence base supports rights-based, whole-of-government approaches to migration management.
Answer: Crypto-Assets Task Force
The CATF examines DeFi's unique challenges: smart contract risks, governance token regulation, cross-jurisdictional enforcement, and anonymity features. It develops guidance to ensure regulatory frameworks keep pace with innovation while safeguarding investors and financial stability.
Answer: S-57
S-57 defines the structure and encoding of hydrographic spatial data for ECDIS and GIS applications. It ensures interoperability among hydrographic offices, enabling consistent charting, accurate navigation, and informed decision-making for offshore development, conservation, and climate studies.
Answer: Standing Committee for Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH)
COMSTECH, established in 1981, coordinates STI policies, facilitates researcher mobility, supports joint labs, and promotes STEM education. It aims to enhance innovation ecosystems, address development challenges, and reduce the technology gap between OIC members and advanced economies.
Answer: Recommendation 22
Rec. 22 extends AML/CFT obligations to DNFBPs when they prepare or carry out transactions for clients concerning real estate, company formation, asset management, or legal services. This closes loopholes that criminals could exploit to launder proceeds or finance terrorism through professional services.
Answer: Tax Transparency and Exchange of Information
This initiative supports implementation of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) for automatic exchange of financial account information. It aims to ensure multinationals pay tax where value is created, reducing illicit financial flows and increasing domestic resource mobilization.