Which IHO publication provides the global standard for the exchange of digital bathymetric data, supporting nautical chart production, marine spatial planning, and scientific research on ocean floor topography?
- S-57
- S-101
- S-102
- S-129
Answer: S-57
S-57 defines the structure and encoding of hydrographic spatial data for ECDIS and GIS applications. It ensures interoperability among hydrographic offices, enabling consistent charting, accurate navigation, and informed decision-making for offshore development, conservation, and climate studies.