Which IHO initiative promotes the use of electronic navigational charts (ENCs) and e-Navigation services to enhance maritime safety, efficiency, and environmental protection through digital integration of hydrographic, meteorological, and traffic information?
- e-Navigation Strategy Implementation Plan
- Digital Hydrography Programme
- Smart Shipping Initiative
- Maritime Domain Awareness Framework
Answer: e-Navigation Strategy Implementation Plan
Developed with IMO, the Plan guides harmonized implementation of e-Navigation: standardized data formats, integrated bridge systems, and shore-ship communication. It enables dynamic routing, collision avoidance, and emission reduction, supporting safer, greener, and more efficient global shipping.