True/False – GK Questions

Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to travel to space in 1984 aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 spacecraft. Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-born woman in space, but she was a US citizen at the time.

Venus has a retrograde rotation, meaning it spins in the opposite direction to most other planets (east to west). This causes the Sun to rise in the west and set in the east on Venus.

While Saturn has the most prominent and visible rings, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune also have ring systems, though they are fainter and less extensive.

A light year is a unit of distance, not time. It is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (approximately 9.46 trillion kilometers).

The event horizon is the boundary around a black hole beyond which nothing, including light, can escape the gravitational pull. This is a defining characteristic of black holes.

NASA is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space research.

The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star, commonly referred to as a Yellow Dwarf. It is in the middle of its life cycle, fusing hydrogen into helium.

In August 2006, the IAU redefined the criteria for a planet, and Pluto did not meet the criterion of 'clearing its neighborhood' of other objects, thus becoming a dwarf planet.

scCO₂ is non-toxic, non-flammable, easily removed by depressurization. Selective extraction by tuning pressure/temperature. Widely adopted in food, pharma, cosmetics industries. Embodies green chemistry principles. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

NDCs require cross-ministerial coordination: renewable targets (MNRE), EV promotion (DHI), climate-smart agriculture (MoA). NITI Aayog facilitates policy coherence. Critical for credible, implementable climate strategy. [[NITI Aayog, MoEFCC Reports]]

SBSP offers 24/7 baseload renewable power, independent of weather. Challenges: launch costs, in-space assembly, wireless power transmission efficiency. ISRO studies feasibility; global interest growing. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Neoantigens arise from somatic mutations in tumors; personalized vaccines prime T cells to target them. mRNA platform enables rapid design. Clinical trials show promise in melanoma, glioblastoma. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is a global standard for exchanging electronic health records. ABDM adopts FHIR to ensure interoperability between public/private providers, labs, pharmacies. [[MoHFW, NHA Reports]]

Pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization convert mixed/contaminated plastics to oils, syngas, monomers. Complements mechanical recycling; enables true circularity. India's Plastic Waste Management Rules encourage advanced recycling. [[MoEFCC Guidelines]]

NCERT curriculum includes climate science, impacts, mitigation/adaptation from middle school onwards. Aligns with NEP 2020's emphasis on sustainability literacy. Critical for building climate-aware citizens. [[NCERT, MoEFCC Reports]]

GW170817: neutron star merger detected via LIGO/Virgo (GWs) and telescopes (gamma-rays, optical, radio). Enabled study of heavy element synthesis (kilonova), Hubble constant measurement. India's AstroSat contributed to EM follow-up. [[IUCAA, ISRO Reports]]

ASOs are short synthetic nucleic acids designed to hybridize with specific RNA sequences. Approved drugs: Nusinersen (spinal muscular atrophy), Eteplirsen (Duchenne muscular dystrophy). Emerging modality for undruggable targets. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Data localization (e.g., RBI's payment data directive, DPDP Act provisions) seeks to protect citizen data, enable law enforcement access, foster domestic cloud infrastructure. Balances innovation, security, sovereignty. [[RBI, MeitY Reports]]

Enzyme-based textile processing replaces harsh chemicals, reduces water/energy use. Cellulases, laccases, peroxidases used for bleaching, dyeing, finishing. Aligns with sustainable fashion goals; Indian textile industry adopting green tech. [[MoEFCC, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Indian courts have recognized right to healthy environment under Article 21. Cases challenge coal projects, air pollution, coastal regulation. Judicial activism complements policy efforts for climate justice. [[MoEFCC, Supreme Court Reports]]