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True or False: CRISPR-Cas9 can be used for both gene editing and gene regulation without cutting DNA.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused with activators/repressors can regulate gene expression without DNA cleavage (CRISPRa/i). Standard Cas9 cuts DNA for editing. This versatility expands therapeutic applications. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
True or False: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ribosomes (80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes) translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Found free in cytoplasm or bound to ER. Fundamental cell biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that position and momentum cannot be precisely measured simultaneously.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Δx·Δp ≥ h/4π: fundamental limit in quantum mechanics, not due to measurement errors. Highlights probabilistic nature of microscopic world. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
True or False: Algorithmic bias in AI systems can perpetuate social inequalities.
- True
- False
Answer: True
AI trained on biased data may discriminate in hiring, lending, policing. Ethical AI requires fairness, transparency, accountability. Emerging topic for governance sections. [[NITI Aayog Principles for Responsible AI]]
True or False: The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of initial concentration.
- True
- False
Answer: True
t₁/₂ = 0.693/k for first-order reactions. Unlike zero/second-order, it doesn't depend on [A]₀. Useful for radioactive decay calculations. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: All birds are oviparous.
- True
- False
Answer: True
All birds lay eggs (oviparous). No viviparous birds exist. Contrast with mammals where most are viviparous except monotremes. Basic zoology fact. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: A plane mirror always forms a real image.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Plane mirrors form virtual, erect, same-size images behind the mirror. Real images can be projected on screen; virtual cannot. Fundamental ray optics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]
True or False: Geothermal energy harnesses heat from Earth's interior.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Geothermal energy uses steam/hot water from underground reservoirs for electricity or heating. India has potential in Puga (Ladakh), Manikaran (Himachal). Renewable and baseload. [[MNRE Reports]]
True or False: In disproportionation reaction, the same element is both oxidized and reduced.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Disproportionation: one species undergoes both oxidation and reduction. Example: 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂ (O in H₂O₂: -1 → -2 in H₂O and 0 in O₂). Important redox concept. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]
True or False: Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs. Common point of confusion. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: In projectile motion, the horizontal component of velocity remains constant (ignoring air resistance).
- True
- False
Answer: True
No horizontal force → no horizontal acceleration → vₓ constant. Vertical component changes due to gravity. Key for solving projectile problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service in cloud computing.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cloud service models: IaaS (virtualized computing resources), PaaS (development platforms), SaaS (software applications). Examples: AWS (IaaS), Google App Engine (PaaS), Gmail (SaaS). [[MeitY Reports]]
True or False: Thermosetting plastics can be remolded on heating.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Thermosets (Bakelite, melamine) have cross-linked polymers that don't soften on heating; they char. Thermoplastics (PE, PVC) soften and can be remolded. Important for materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Incomplete dominance results in a blended phenotype in heterozygotes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Incomplete dominance: heterozygote shows intermediate phenotype (e.g., red × white snapdragon → pink). Differs from codominance (both alleles expressed, e.g., AB blood group). [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]
True or False: Specific heat capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1°C.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Specific heat (c) = Q/(mΔT), unit: J/kg·K. Water has high c (4186 J/kg·K), moderating climate. Essential for calorimetry problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil type in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Alluvial soil (deposited by rivers) covers ~40% of India, especially Indo-Gangetic plains. Fertile, rich in potash, supports intensive agriculture. Important for geography and agriculture. [[ICAR Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
True or False: Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions readily.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Benzene's delocalized π-electrons attract electrophiles. Substitution preserves aromatic stability; addition would break resonance. Nitration, halogenation, sulfonation are classic examples. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]
True or False: BMI stands for Body Mass Index.
- True
- False
Answer: True
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)². Categories: Underweight (<18.5), Normal (18.5-24.9), Overweight (25-29.9), Obese (≥30). Simple screening tool for weight-related health risks. [[WHO, MoHFW Guidelines]]
True or False: Viscosity of liquids decreases with increase in temperature.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Higher temperature increases molecular kinetic energy, reducing intermolecular forces and internal friction. Hence, honey flows faster when heated. Opposite trend for gases. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: In blockchain, each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block.
- True
- False
Answer: True
This chaining via hashes ensures immutability: altering one block changes its hash, breaking the chain. Combined with consensus mechanisms, it provides security and transparency. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]