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The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is commonly known as the Forest Rights Act.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Forest Rights Act recognizes the rights of forest-dwelling communities over land and resources, aiming to correct historical injustices.
La Niña is generally associated with increased monsoon rainfall in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
La Niña, characterized by cooler Pacific waters, often strengthens the Indian monsoon, while El Niño tends to weaken it.
Ocean acidification is primarily caused by the absorption of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide by seawater.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CO2 dissolves in seawater forming carbonic acid, lowering pH and threatening marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells.
The term 'Carbon Footprint' refers to the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, or product.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Carbon footprint measures emissions of CO2 and other GHGs associated with activities, helping assess environmental impact.
Ozone at ground level is beneficial for human health as it protects against UV radiation.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Ground-level ozone is a harmful pollutant causing respiratory problems; stratospheric ozone protects against UV radiation.
Particulate Matter (PM10) refers to particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PM10 can penetrate the respiratory system; finer PM2.5 particles can enter the bloodstream, causing serious health issues.
Thermal pollution of water bodies can reduce the dissolved oxygen content, harming aquatic life.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Warmer water holds less dissolved oxygen; thermal discharge from industries can stress or kill fish and other aquatic organisms.
The Indian Rhino Vision 2020 aimed to increase the population of one-horned rhinos in Assam to 3,000.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The program, a partnership between Assam Forest Department and conservation NGOs, targeted rhino population growth through translocation and protection.
The IUCN Red List category 'Critically Endangered' indicates a species faces an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Critically Endangered is the highest risk category assigned by IUCN for wild species before Extinct in the Wild and Extinct.
The term 'biodiversity' encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Biodiversity is measured at three levels: genetic variation within species, variety of species, and diversity of ecosystems.
Symbiosis is a relationship where both organisms involved are always benefited.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Symbiosis includes mutualism (both benefit), commensalism (one benefits, other unaffected), and parasitism (one benefits, other harmed).
Decomposers play a crucial role in recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus back into the soil.
In a pyramid of numbers, the number of organisms always decreases at each successive trophic level.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The pyramid of numbers can be inverted in some ecosystems, such as a tree supporting many insects and birds, where producers are fewer than consumers.
Extensive deforestation is a primary anthropogenic cause of severe soil erosion.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Tree roots bind the soil and the canopy breaks the force of rain; removing trees exposes topsoil to wind and water erosion.
E-waste refers to discarded, broken, or obsolete electronic devices and their components.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Electronic waste includes old computers, phones, and appliances, which often contain hazardous materials like lead and mercury.
The term 'Smog' was originally coined to describe a combination of smoke and fog.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Smog is a portmanteau of 'smoke' and 'fog', describing severe air pollution that reduces visibility and harms respiratory health.
The Appiko movement, launched in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, is considered the southern equivalent of the Chipko movement.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Appiko (meaning 'hug' in Kannada) was inspired by Chipko and aimed to save the natural forests of the Western Ghats from clear-felling.
The Chipko Movement of the 1970s in India was primarily associated with forest conservation and preventing tree felling.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Villagers, particularly women, hugged trees to prevent contractors from cutting them down, making it a landmark eco-social movement.
Greenpeace, the well-known non-governmental environmental organization, was founded in 1971.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver, Canada, in 1971 by activists protesting US nuclear testing at Amchitka.
Photovoltaic (PV) cells are devices used to convert solar energy directly into electrical energy.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PV cells are made of semiconductor materials that absorb photons from sunlight and release electrons, generating an electric current.