Technology – MCQ – GK Questions

V2G allows EVs to discharge stored energy back to the grid during peak demand, acting as distributed storage. Supports grid stability, renewable integration, and provides revenue to EV owners. Requires smart chargers and regulatory framework. Emerging topic for energy and transportation questions.

Hash tables provide average-case O(1) for search, insert, and delete by computing index via hash function. Worst-case O(n) occurs with many collisions. Load factor < 0.75 and good hash functions maintain performance. Understanding complexity trade-offs is essential for algorithm design questions.

gzip compresses individual files using DEFLATE algorithm, producing .gz extension. tar bundles multiple files (often combined with gzip as .tar.gz). zip creates .zip archives compatible across platforms. Understanding compression tools is essential for backup, storage optimization, and file transfer in system administration.

DPDP Act grants data principals rights including: access to summary of processed data, correction of inaccurate/incomplete data, erasure when purpose is fulfilled, and grievance redressal. These rights empower individuals and impose obligations on data fiduciaries. Critical for privacy compliance questions.

HTTPS (HTTP Secure) encrypts data using SSL/TLS to protect confidentiality and integrity during transmission. Essential for login pages, payments, and sensitive data. HTTP transmits in plaintext. Browsers mark non-HTTPS sites as 'Not Secure'. Fundamental for web security awareness in all government exams.

Monocrystalline panels use single-crystal silicon, offering 15-22% efficiency and longer lifespan but higher cost. Polycrystalline is cheaper with 13-16% efficiency. Thin-film is flexible and lightweight but less efficient (10-13%). Choice depends on space, budget, and application. Relevant for renewable energy questions.

Dijkstra's algorithm finds shortest paths from a source node to all others in graphs with non-negative weights using a priority queue (O((V+E)log V)). Bellman-Ford handles negative weights; Floyd-Warshall finds all-pairs shortest paths; Kruskal is for minimum spanning tree. Classic graph algorithm for technical exams.

man (manual) displays documentation for Linux commands, system calls, and configuration files. Example: man ls shows options and usage. help is for shell builtins; info provides hypertext docs; doc is not standard. Proficiency with man is essential for self-learning and troubleshooting in system administration.

CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) requires service providers including VPNs to maintain logs of customer registration and usage for 180 days, report cyber incidents within 6 hours, and synchronize with NTP. Aimed at enhancing incident response and law enforcement capabilities. Important for cybersecurity compliance questions.

getElementById('id') returns the element with specified ID (case-sensitive). querySelector() uses CSS selectors for more flexibility. getElementsByClassName/TagName return collections. DOM manipulation is core to interactive web development and frequently tested in programming sections of exams.

Panchamrit (five nectars) announced at COP26 includes: 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030 (updated from 450 GW), 50% energy from renewables, 1 billion tonne CO2 reduction, net-zero by 2070. National Solar Mission is a component; Green Energy Corridor enables transmission; Surya Mitra trains solar technicians.

Queue follows FIFO: first element added is first removed. Operations: enqueue (add rear), dequeue (remove front). Used in CPU scheduling, print spooling, breadth-first search. Stack follows LIFO. Understanding fundamental data structure behaviors is essential for programming exams.

grep (global regular expression print) searches files for lines matching a pattern/string. Supports regex, recursive search, and context display. find locates files by name/path; locate uses a database; search is not a standard command. Essential for log analysis and text processing in system administration.

Data Protection Board of India is an independent regulatory body established under DPDP Act 2023 to enforce provisions, adjudicate disputes, and impose penalties. CERT-In handles cybersecurity incidents; RBI regulates financial data; TRAI oversees telecom. Understanding regulatory roles is key for governance questions.

Lithium-ion batteries offer high energy density, long cycle life, and declining costs, making them ideal for residential solar storage. Lead-acid is cheaper but heavier with shorter lifespan. Flow batteries suit grid-scale storage. India's PLI scheme promotes domestic Li-ion cell manufacturing for energy transition.

Preorder traversal: Root → Left Subtree → Right Subtree. Inorder: Left → Root → Right (gives sorted order for BST). Postorder: Left → Right → Root. Level-order uses queue for breadth-first traversal. Tree traversals are frequently tested in SSC JE and programming exams.

top provides dynamic real-time view of running processes, CPU usage, memory consumption, and system load. ps shows snapshot of processes; free displays memory stats; df shows disk space. Essential for system monitoring and troubleshooting in technical exams and real-world administration.

Section 66C prescribes punishment (up to 3 years imprisonment + fine) for identity theft: fraudulently using another person's electronic signature, password, or unique identification feature. Section 66D covers cheating by personation using computer resources. Important for legal awareness in banking and SSC exams.