Technology – MCQ – GK Questions

Startup India ecosystem integrates: Hub for resources and networking, DPIIT recognition for benefits, and NITI Aayog for policy guidance. Supports innovation, job creation, and global competitiveness. Critical for entrepreneurship and economic development questions.

Eye tracking systems use cameras and AI to detect gaze direction, enabling cursor control, selection, and typing via eye movements. Integrated into assistive devices and mainstream OS (Windows Eye Control, iOS AssistiveTouch). Critical for inclusive design and assistive technology questions.

China leads in 5G subscribers (~800 million) due to early deployment, affordable devices, and government support. India ranks second in growth rate with ~300 million subscribers (2026). Critical for understanding global telecom dynamics and India's digital transformation trajectory.

Convergence of AI, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology accelerates drug discovery: AI predicts protein structures (AlphaFold), bioinformatics analyzes genomic data, synthetic biology designs novel biological systems. Indian startups and research institutes actively contribute. Critical for biotech innovation and healthcare questions.

CARTOSAT series (ISRO) provides sub-meter resolution optical imagery for mapping, urban planning, and disaster monitoring. Post-disaster, rapid tasking enables damage assessment for relief planning. Integrated with Bhuvan portal for visualization. Critical for geospatial technology and disaster management questions.

Gaganyaan is ISRO's human spaceflight program to send 3-4 astronauts to ~400 km orbit for 3-7 days. Includes crew module, service module, life support, and crew escape system. Multiple uncrewed test flights precede crewed mission. Represents milestone in India's space capabilities and technological self-reliance.

Sign language recognition uses computer vision (pose estimation, hand tracking) and deep learning to interpret gestures and translate to text/speech. Pilots by IITs and startups for inclusive communication. Challenges: regional sign language variations and real-time accuracy. Critical for assistive technology questions.

India ranks among top countries in AI research publications, skilled workforce (IITs, NITs), and AI startups (1000+). Strengths in software, data services, and frugal innovation. Gaps remain in hardware, foundational research, and compute infrastructure. Critical for understanding India's tech competitiveness questions.

QKD (Quantum Key Distribution) uses quantum physics principles to generate and share encryption keys with provable security. Deployed in limited metro networks (e.g., DRDO's QKD link). Challenges: distance limits, cost, and integration with existing infrastructure. Critical for future-proof cybersecurity questions.

Flood forecasting integrates: hydrological models (rainfall-runoff simulation), weather radar (precipitation estimation), satellite altimetry (river levels), and IoT sensors (real-time gauges). CWC and IMD operate systems for major river basins. Critical for early warning and disaster risk reduction questions.

PM-WANI (Prime Minister's Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) enables public Wi-Fi hotspots via PDOs (Public Data Offices) using satellite/fiber backhaul. Aims to provide affordable internet access in rural/remote areas for education, telemedicine, and e-governance. Part of Digital India's connectivity pillar.

Live Caption (Android/iOS) uses on-device AI to generate real-time captions for any audio (calls, videos, podcasts), aiding hearing-impaired users. Works offline for privacy. Part of broader accessibility suite: screen readers, color correction, switch access. Critical for inclusive design and digital empowerment questions.

Taiwan (TSMC) holds ~60% of global semiconductor foundry market and ~90% of advanced nodes (<7nm). Strategic importance drives global efforts (US CHIPS Act, India Semiconductor Mission) to diversify supply chains. Critical for understanding geopolitics of technology and supply chain resilience questions.

Fog Computing extends cloud capabilities to network edge (routers, gateways), enabling real-time processing for IoT, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation. Reduces latency, bandwidth usage, and enhances privacy. Complements cloud (centralized) and edge (device-level) computing. Critical for distributed systems questions.

Post-disaster assessment combines: satellite/drone imagery for wide-area coverage, AI for automated damage detection (buildings, roads), and GIS for spatial analysis and resource allocation. Used by NDMA, ISRO, and state agencies for rapid response. Critical for disaster management and geospatial technology questions.

India Semiconductor Mission (under MeitY) implements ₹76,000 crore incentive scheme for semiconductor fabs, display fabs, and design ecosystem. Partnerships with global players (TSMC, Micron) announced. Critical for reducing import dependence and building strategic technology self-reliance. Important for industrial policy questions.

Accessibility features combine: Screen Readers (TalkBack, VoiceOver) narrate UI elements, OCR converts images to speech, and Speech Synthesis provides audio feedback. Integrated into Android/iOS for inclusive digital access. Critical for digital inclusion and assistive technology questions under Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act.

SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) successfully demonstrated autonomous rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft in Earth orbit in 2024. Critical technology for future space station modules, satellite servicing, and human spaceflight. Represents India's advancement in complex space operations. Important for ISRO current affairs questions.

UPI does NOT require a physical card. It uses virtual payment addresses linked to bank accounts. Key features include 24x7 availability, single-click two-factor authentication, instant fund transfer, and support for multiple banks in one app.

Aditya-L1 is India's first dedicated solar mission, positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1) to study the Sun's corona, solar emissions, and space weather. Launched in 2023, it carries seven indigenous payloads for comprehensive solar observations.