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Generate QuizTechnology – Hard Level – GK Questions
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The technology that uses proteins for computational tasks is called ________ Computing.
- Green / Energy-Efficient
- Compressed Air Energy / CAES
- Multimodal
- Protein / Molecular
Answer: Protein / Molecular
Protein computing uses biomolecular interactions for parallel computation. Research stage with potential for ultra-low power, massive parallelism.
The technique that adds noise to model gradients during training to prevent privacy leaks is called ________ SGD.
- Hybrid
- Differential Privacy / DP
- Oxygen / ISRU
- bit
Answer: Differential Privacy / DP
DP-SGD adds calibrated noise to gradients during training, providing differential privacy guarantees. Critical for privacy-preserving ML training.
The pattern that enables stateless microservices to scale independently is called ________ Scaling.
- Diversity
- Testable
- Hybrid
- Horizontal
Answer: Horizontal
Horizontal scaling adds more instances of stateless services to handle increased load. Contrasts with vertical scaling (upgrading instance size).
Which DeFi risk arises from smart contract vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers?
- Impermanent Loss
- Smart Contract Risk
- Oracle Manipulation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
DeFi risks: smart contract bugs enable fund theft, oracle manipulation feeds false prices, impermanent loss affects liquidity providers. Critical for DeFi security understanding.
Which advantage do neuromorphic chips offer over traditional GPUs for AI inference?
- Higher Precision
- Lower Energy Consumption
- Larger Memory
- Faster Clock Speed
Answer: Lower Energy Consumption
Neuromorphic chips achieve orders-of-magnitude better energy efficiency by mimicking brain's event-driven, sparse computation. Critical for edge AI and sustainable computing.
The computing paradigm that uses quantum mechanical phenomena for solving optimization problems is called ________ Annealing.
- Artifact / Model Registry
- Supervised
- Machine
- Quantum
Answer: Quantum
Quantum annealing uses quantum tunneling to find global minima in optimization landscapes. Suitable for logistics, finance, machine learning. Different from gate-based quantum computing.
The technique that reconstructs sensitive attributes from model predictions is called Model ________ Attack.
- Building Energy / BEMS
- Columnar
- Inversion
- Bio-molecular / DNA
Answer: Inversion
Model inversion exploits model outputs to infer sensitive training data attributes. Critical privacy risk for ML systems handling personal data.
Which DeFi protocol enables automated market making without order books?
- Uniswap
- Aave
- Compound
- MakerDAO
Answer: Uniswap
Uniswap uses automated market maker (AMM) model with liquidity pools instead of order books. Enables permissionless token trading with constant product formula.
Which computing paradigm mimics brain architecture for energy-efficient AI processing?
- Quantum Computing
- Neuromorphic Computing
- Optical Computing
- Analog Computing
Answer: Neuromorphic Computing
Neuromorphic chips (Intel Loihi, IBM TrueNorth) use spiking neural networks and event-driven processing for orders-of-magnitude better energy efficiency than GPUs for AI tasks.
Which quantum algorithm threatens RSA encryption by factoring large integers efficiently?
- Grover's Algorithm
- Shor's Algorithm
- Quantum Fourier Transform
- Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Answer: Shor's Algorithm
Shor's Algorithm factors integers in polynomial time on quantum computers, breaking RSA which relies on factoring difficulty. Requires fault-tolerant quantum computers not yet available.
The technique that adds calibrated noise to model outputs to prevent membership inference is called ________ Privacy.
- Differential
- MITRE ATT&CK
- Man
- Beam / Nucleus
Answer: Differential
Differential Privacy mathematically guarantees that model outputs don't reveal whether specific individuals were in training data. Critical for privacy-preserving ML deployment.
Which attack manipulates ML model inputs to cause misclassification while appearing normal to humans?
- Data Poisoning
- Adversarial Examples
- Model Inversion
- Membership Inference
Answer: Adversarial Examples
Adversarial examples add imperceptible perturbations to inputs that cause ML models to misclassify. Critical vulnerability for computer vision, NLP systems requiring robust defenses.
Which cryptographic technique ensures that a message has not been altered during transmission?
- Encryption
- Hashing
- Digital Signature
- Both B and C
Answer: Both B and C
Hashing (e.g., SHA-256) generates fixed-size digest to detect changes; any modification alters the hash. Digital Signatures combine hashing with asymmetric encryption to also verify sender identity and provide non-repudiation. Both ensure integrity; signatures add authentication and legal validity.
Which technology uses distributed sensors to monitor structural health of bridges and buildings?
- IoT
- Blockchain
- VR
- 3D Printing
Answer: IoT
IoT sensors (strain gauges, accelerometers, temperature) embedded in infrastructure monitor stress, vibrations, and environmental conditions in real-time. Data analytics predict maintenance needs and prevent failures. Critical for smart cities, disaster resilience, and extending asset lifespan with predictive maintenance.
A security model that defines how subjects access objects in a system is called ________ Model.
- Access Control
- Compressed Air Energy / CAES
- Building Energy / BEMS
- Ensemble
Answer: Access Control
Access Control Models define policies for subject-object interactions: DAC (owner-controlled), MAC (system-enforced labels), RBAC (role-based permissions), ABAC (attribute-based rules). Critical for enforcing least privilege and compliance in enterprise systems. Implemented via IAM solutions and directory services.
Which AI technique is used for detecting anomalies in network traffic for cybersecurity?
- Supervised Learning
- Unsupervised Learning
- Reinforcement Learning
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Anomaly detection uses: Supervised Learning (trained on labeled attacks), Unsupervised Learning (clustering normal vs abnormal patterns), and Reinforcement Learning (adaptive response to threats). Combined approaches improve detection of zero-day attacks and reduce false positives in SIEM systems.
Which encryption standard is recommended by NIST for securing classified information?
- DES
- 3DES
- AES-256
- RC4
Answer: AES-256
AES-256 (Advanced Encryption Standard with 256-bit key) is approved by NIST for top-secret information. Provides strong security against brute-force attacks. DES/3DES are deprecated; RC4 has known vulnerabilities. AES is efficient in both hardware and software implementations.
The technique that enables LLMs to reason about visual inputs by combining vision and language models is called ________ Learning.
- Edge
- Federated
- Multimodal
- Reinforcement
Answer: Multimodal
Multimodal models (CLIP, LLaVA) process text, images, audio jointly, enabling visual question answering, image captioning, and cross-modal retrieval.
Which technique enables LLMs to generate code by learning from programming language corpora?
- Fine-tuning
- Code LLMs
- Prompt Engineering
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Code LLMs (Codex, CodeLlama) trained on code repositories enable natural language to code generation. Combined with fine-tuning and prompt engineering for developer productivity tools.
Which pattern enables event-driven communication between microservices using message brokers?
- REST APIs
- gRPC
- Event-Driven Architecture
- Monolithic
Answer: Event-Driven Architecture
Event-driven architecture uses message brokers for asynchronous, decoupled service communication. Enables scalability, resilience, real-time processing.