Technology – Hard Level – GK Questions

As of 2026, ISRO has not yet demonstrated in-orbit refueling. SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) tested docking/undocking, a prerequisite for servicing. POEM (PSLV Orbital Experimental Module) demonstrated using spent rocket stage as orbital platform. In-orbit servicing remains a future goal for satellite life extension and space debris management.

Homomorphic encryption enables performing calculations on ciphertext, producing encrypted results that, when decrypted, match operations performed on plaintext. Critical for privacy-preserving cloud computing, secure voting, and confidential AI inference. Still computationally intensive but advancing with research and hardware acceleration.

Account Aggregator (AA) is a consent-based data sharing framework regulated by RBI. It allows individuals to securely share financial information (bank statements, investments, insurance) between Financial Information Providers (FIPs) and Financial Information Users (FIUs) for better credit access and personalized services.

Double extortion ransomware combines file encryption with data theft. Attackers threaten to publish sensitive data if ransom isn't paid, increasing pressure on victims. This evolved tactic makes backups insufficient as a sole defense. Prevention requires DLP, encryption, network segmentation, and incident response planning.

Neuromorphic chips achieve ultra-low power via event-driven, sparse computation.

Wetware computing uses biological neurons for computation. Early research stage.

SPHINCS+ uses hash functions believed quantum-resistant. Trade-off: larger signatures.

Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on ciphertext.

NIST IR 8259 and ETSI EN 303 645 provide IoT security baselines: secure boot, updates, data protection.

Impermanent loss occurs when token prices diverge, reducing value vs holding tokens. Critical risk for liquidity providers.

Event-driven computation and spiking neurons enable efficient processing of sparse, temporal data.

Cellular computing uses biochemical reactions in cells for parallel computation. Early research stage.

Quantum annealing specializes in optimization via quantum tunneling. Different from gate-based universal quantum computing.

Federated Learning trains models across devices/servers holding local data, sharing only model updates.

Collateralized lending protocols allow borrowing by locking crypto collateral, with automatic liquidation if collateral value drops.

Neuromorphic chips achieve ultra-low power via event-driven, sparse computation. Critical for battery-powered edge AI.

Wetware computing uses biological neurons for computation. Early research stage with potential for ultra-low power AI.

Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on ciphertext, producing encrypted results that decrypt to correct output.

Event-driven architecture uses message brokers for asynchronous, decoupled service communication.

Oracle manipulation feeds false prices to DeFi protocols, triggering incorrect liquidations or arbitrage. Critical vulnerability requiring decentralized, robust oracles.