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Generate QuizTechnology – Hard Level – GK Questions
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Which pattern enables gradual rollout of new features to a subset of users for testing?
- Blue-Green Deployment
- Canary Release
- Feature Toggles
- A/B Testing
Answer: Canary Release
Canary Release deploys new version to small user subset (canary group), monitors metrics, and gradually expands if stable. Reduces risk vs big-bang releases. Implemented via service mesh, load balancers, or feature flags. Critical for safe deployment strategies.
Which attack exploits speculative execution vulnerabilities in CPUs to leak sensitive data?
- Meltdown/Spectre
- Rowhammer
- BlueBorne
- Log4Shell
Answer: Meltdown/Spectre
Meltdown/Spectre (2018) exploit CPU speculative execution and cache side-channels to read kernel memory or other processes' data. Mitigated via microcode updates, OS patches, and compiler fixes. Highlights hardware-level security challenges. Critical for system security questions.
Which CERT-In direction mandates synchronization of IT system clocks with National Time Server?
- Direction 12
- Direction 20
- Direction 44
- Direction 66
Answer: Direction 20
CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) requires service providers to synchronize ICT system clocks with NIC's National Time Server for accurate incident timeline correlation. Also mandates 6-hour incident reporting and 180-day log retention. Critical for cybersecurity compliance questions.
Deception technology uses honeypots and decoys to detect and study attacker behavior.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Deception technology deploys realistic fake assets (servers, credentials, data) to lure attackers, enabling early detection, threat intelligence, and reduced dwell time. Complements prevention/detection controls. Used in enterprise security and critical infrastructure protection. Important for advanced cybersecurity questions.
Which data format is most efficient for columnar storage and analytics workloads?
- CSV
- JSON
- Parquet
- XML
Answer: Parquet
Parquet is a columnar storage format optimized for analytics: efficient compression, predicate pushdown, and schema evolution. Reduces I/O by reading only required columns. Used in Spark, Hive, Presto. CSV/JSON are row-oriented; XML is verbose. Critical for big data engineering questions.
Cryptographic algorithms resistant to attacks by quantum computers are called ________-Resistant Cryptography.
- Rectifier
- Quantum
- Tree / Acyclic Graph
- Prompt
Answer: Quantum
Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) develops algorithms secure against quantum attacks (Shor's algorithm). NIST is standardizing PQC algorithms (CRYSTALS-Kyber, Dilithium). Critical for future-proofing sensitive systems. India's CERT-In and DRDO actively research PQC. Important for strategic cybersecurity questions.
Which proposed Indian legislation aims to replace the IT Act 2000 with comprehensive digital governance framework?
- Digital India Act
- Data Protection Bill
- Cyber Security Strategy
- Platform Regulation Act
Answer: Digital India Act
Digital India Act (proposed) aims to replace IT Act 2000 with updated framework addressing: platform accountability, emerging tech governance, user rights, and cybercrime. Complements DPDP Act 2023. Critical for understanding India's evolving digital regulatory landscape in policy-focused exams.
Which cybersecurity framework implements 'never trust, always verify' principle for all access requests?
- Defense in Depth
- Zero Trust Architecture
- Perimeter Security
- Role-Based Access Control
Answer: Zero Trust Architecture
Zero Trust Architecture assumes no implicit trust based on network location. Every access request is authenticated, authorized, and encrypted regardless of origin. Implements micro-segmentation, least-privilege access, and continuous monitoring. Critical for modern enterprise security and frequently tested in banking/UPSC exams.
Which emerging technology combines quantum sensing with AI for ultra-precise navigation without GPS?
- Quantum Inertial Navigation
- LiDAR Mapping
- Satellite Altimetry
- Cellular Triangulation
Answer: Quantum Inertial Navigation
Quantum accelerometers and gyroscopes use atom interferometry for drift-free navigation, critical for submarines, aircraft, and autonomous vehicles in GPS-denied environments. AI enhances sensor fusion and error correction. Research by DRDO, ISRO, and global labs. Critical for strategic technology questions.
Neuromorphic computing chips mimic brain architecture for energy-efficient AI processing.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Neuromorphic chips (Intel Loihi, IBM TrueNorth) use spiking neural networks and event-driven processing to achieve orders-of-magnitude better energy efficiency than conventional GPUs for AI tasks. Promising for edge AI, robotics, and sustainable computing. Research ongoing at IITs and global labs.
Which technology enables secure multi-party computation where parties jointly compute a function without revealing inputs?
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Secure Multi-Party Computation
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy-enhancing technologies: SMPC enables collaborative computation on encrypted data, homomorphic encryption allows processing ciphertext, and ZK-proofs verify statements without revealing data. Critical for confidential AI, federated learning, and privacy-preserving analytics in finance and healthcare.
The computing paradigm that uses quantum mechanical phenomena for solving optimization problems is called ________ Computing.
- Quantum Annealing
- Ensemble
- Edge
- Reinforcement
Answer: Quantum Annealing
Quantum annealing (D-Wave) uses quantum tunneling to find global minima in optimization landscapes, suited for logistics, finance, and machine learning. Differs from gate-based quantum computing. Hybrid quantum-classical approaches show near-term promise. Critical for understanding quantum applications beyond cryptography.
Which emerging technology combines AI with biological systems for drug discovery and personalized medicine?
- Bioinformatics
- AI-driven Drug Discovery
- Synthetic Biology
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Convergence of AI, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology accelerates drug discovery: AI predicts protein structures (AlphaFold), bioinformatics analyzes genomic data, synthetic biology designs novel biological systems. Indian startups and research institutes actively contribute. Critical for biotech innovation and healthcare questions.
6G research aims to achieve terahertz frequency bands and sub-millisecond latency for holographic communications.
- True
- False
Answer: True
6G (expected ~2030) targets: terahertz spectrum (0.1-10 THz) for ultra-high bandwidth, AI-native networks, integrated sensing-communication, and holographic/immersive experiences. India's 6G vision document (2023) outlines research priorities. Critical for understanding next-generation telecom evolution questions.
Which technology enables secure communication using quantum key distribution over fiber networks?
- 5G Encryption
- QKD
- Blockchain
- Homomorphic Encryption
Answer: QKD
QKD (Quantum Key Distribution) uses quantum physics principles to generate and share encryption keys with provable security. Deployed in limited metro networks (e.g., DRDO's QKD link). Challenges: distance limits, cost, and integration with existing infrastructure. Critical for future-proof cybersecurity questions.
The technology that uses biological molecules like DNA for data storage is called ________ Computing.
- Access Control
- Lead-through / Teach Pendant
- Green
- Bio-molecular / DNA
Answer: Bio-molecular / DNA
DNA data storage encodes digital information into synthetic DNA strands, offering extreme density (exabytes/gram) and longevity (thousands of years). Challenges: slow read/write speeds and high costs. Research by Microsoft, IITs, and startups. Represents convergence of biology and information technology for archival storage.
Which emerging computing paradigm processes data near the source to reduce latency for IoT applications?
- Cloud Computing
- Fog Computing
- Quantum Computing
- Bio-computing
Answer: Fog Computing
Fog Computing extends cloud capabilities to network edge (routers, gateways), enabling real-time processing for IoT, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation. Reduces latency, bandwidth usage, and enhances privacy. Complements cloud (centralized) and edge (device-level) computing. Critical for distributed systems questions.
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) can currently enable paralyzed patients to control robotic limbs using thoughts alone.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Invasive BCIs (like Neuralink, Synchron) have enabled paralyzed individuals to control cursors, robotic arms, and communicate via thought in clinical trials. Non-invasive BCIs (EEG) offer limited control. Challenges: signal resolution, surgical risks, and long-term stability. Represents frontier of neurotechnology and assistive devices.
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) currently exists and is widely deployed in commercial applications.
- True
- False
Answer: False
AGI (human-level AI that can learn and perform any intellectual task) does not yet exist. Current AI systems are Narrow AI, designed for specific tasks. AGI remains a research goal with significant technical and ethical challenges to overcome.
Which attack involves overwhelming a server with traffic to make it unavailable to legitimate users?
- Phishing
- Man-in-the-Middle
- DDoS
- SQL Injection
Answer: DDoS
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack uses multiple compromised systems to flood a target server with traffic, exhausting resources and making services unavailable. Mitigation includes traffic filtering, rate limiting, and using DDoS protection services.