Technology – Easy Level – GK Questions

System software manages hardware and provides platform for applications. Examples: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux), device drivers, utilities, compilers. Application software performs user tasks: Word (document editing), Chrome (web browsing), VLC (media playback). OS is foundational system software.

As per Rule 9A of Information Technology (Preservation and Retention of Information by Intermediaries providing Digital Locker facilities) Rules, 2016, documents issued by registered authorities through DigiLocker are legally valid and equivalent to physical originals under the IT Act, 2000.

SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is a small chip that stores subscriber information, network authentication keys, contacts, and SMS. It identifies and authenticates users on cellular networks. eSIM is an embedded digital SIM that can be programmed remotely without physical card replacement.

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that stores firmware like BIOS/UEFI. Data is written during manufacturing and generally cannot be modified by users. Unlike RAM which is volatile, ROM retains critical boot instructions even after power loss. Variants include PROM, EPROM, EEPROM.

Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) stores academic credits earned by students from recognized institutions digitally. Enables credit transfer, multiple entry-exit options, and lifelong learning under NEP 2020. Integrated with DigiLocker for easy access. Important for education reform and digital infrastructure questions.

DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) is a unified platform by Ministry of Education offering e-content, QR-coded textbooks, teacher training modules, and assessment tools. Supports multilingual access and offline usage. Critical component of NEP 2020's technology-enabled education transformation.

HTTPS (HTTP Secure) encrypts data using SSL/TLS to protect confidentiality and integrity during transmission. Essential for login pages, payments, and sensitive data. HTTP transmits in plaintext. Browsers mark non-HTTPS sites as 'Not Secure'. Fundamental for web security awareness in all government exams.

ls -a lists all files including hidden ones (starting with .). ls -l shows detailed list; ls -h makes sizes human-readable; ls -la combines both. Hidden files store configuration data. Understanding command-line flags is fundamental for Linux administration questions in technical exams.

JavaScript was designed for client-side execution in web browsers to enable interactive web pages. Server-side JavaScript (Node.js) is possible but not the primary use case. Understanding client-server architecture is fundamental for web technology questions in SSC and banking exams.

The anchor tag <a> with href attribute creates hyperlinks in HTML. Example: <a href='https://example.com'>Link</a>. Fundamental for web development basics tested in SSC and Railway exams. Other tags: <img> for images, <p> for paragraphs, <div> for containers.

Lists ([]) can be modified after creation: append, remove, change elements. Tuples (()) cannot be changed once created, making them hashable and usable as dictionary keys. Immutability provides safety for fixed data, while mutability offers flexibility for dynamic collections. Choosing appropriately improves code correctness and performance.

Boolean data type represents two values: true or false. Named after George Boole, founder of Boolean algebra. Used in conditional statements, loops, and logical operations. Some languages (C) use integers (0=false, non-zero=true), but modern languages (Java, Python, C#) have dedicated bool type for clarity and type safety.

Ohm's Law: I = V/R, where I=current (Amperes), V=voltage (Volts), R=resistance (Ohms). Fundamental for circuit analysis, component selection, and troubleshooting. Applies to ohmic materials at constant temperature. Non-ohmic devices (diodes, transistors) have non-linear V-I characteristics requiring advanced modeling.

Double equals () checks value equality in C, Java, Python, JavaScript. Single equals (=) is assignment operator. Triple equals (=) in JavaScript checks value AND type equality. := is assignment in Pascal/Go. Understanding operator precedence and type coercion is crucial for writing correct conditional logic in exams and real code.

MyGov is a citizen engagement platform launched under Digital India. Enables Indians to participate in policy discussions, submit ideas, vote on proposals, and provide feedback on government initiatives. Fosters collaborative governance, transparent decision-making, and inclusive policy formulation through digital participation.

PSLV has four stages: 1st and 3rd use solid propellant; 2nd and 4th use liquid propellant. Strap-on solid boosters enhance lift-off thrust. This alternating design optimizes performance for polar and sun-synchronous orbits. PSLV's reliability and versatility made it ISRO's workhorse for earth observation and small satellite launches.

CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System) is an online platform for lodging and tracking grievances against central government ministries/departments. Features: unique registration number, escalation mechanism, time-bound resolution, and public dashboard. Promotes accountability and responsive governance.

PaaS (Platform as a Service) provides development platforms (runtime, middleware, OS) managed by provider. Customers deploy and manage applications and data without worrying about infrastructure. Examples: Google App Engine, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service. Contrasts with IaaS (customer manages OS+) and SaaS (provider manages all).

UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) is a single app providing access to 1,200+ central and state services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, education, health. Features: multilingual support, voice search, offline access. MyGov is for engagement; DigiLocker for documents; UMANG for service delivery.

LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a limited area like home, office, or campus using Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Enables resource sharing (printers, files) and internet access. Contrasted with WAN (Wide Area Network) like internet that spans large geographic distances.