GK Questions

Answer: Asymmetric encryption

Asymmetric (public-key) cryptography: public key encrypts, private key decrypts (e.g., RSA, ECC). Enables secure communication, digital signatures. Symmetric uses same key for both. [[CERT-In Guidelines]]

Answer: International carbon trading

Article 6 enables countries to cooperate via carbon markets (trading emission reductions) and non-market approaches to achieve NDCs. Critical for global climate mitigation. [[UNFCCC, MoEFCC Reports]]

Answer: Silences gene expression

RNAi uses siRNA/miRNA to degrade or block translation of specific mRNA, regulating genes. Applied in pest-resistant crops (e.g., RNAi cotton) and therapeutic research. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, DBT Reports]]

Answer: Spectrometer

Spectrometer disperses light into spectrum to measure wavelength, intensity, and spectral lines. Essential for atomic spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and astronomy. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Answer: Appel

Appel reaction: R-OH + SOCl₂/PPh₃ → R-Cl + SO₂ + POCl₃. Converts alcohols to alkyl chlorides under mild conditions. Important synthetic method in organic chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Answer: Qubit

Qubit (quantum bit) can exist in superposition (0 and 1 simultaneously), enabling parallel computation. Entanglement allows correlated qubit states. Potential to solve problems intractable for classical computers. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]

Answer: Transistor

Transistors (BJT/FET) amplify weak signals by controlling large output current with small input current/voltage. Foundation of modern electronics: radios, computers, smartphones. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Answer: Lunar South Pole

Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander touched down near the lunar south pole (69.37°S, 32.35°E) on August 23, 2023, making India the first nation to land in this scientifically significant region with potential water ice. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Answer: PM-WANI

PM-WANI (Prime Minister's Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) enables public Wi-Fi through PDOAs/PDOs. Aims to boost digital inclusion and internet penetration. Part of Digital India. [[MeitY Reports]]

Answer: NaHCO₃

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) neutralizes excess stomach acid (HCl), relieving acidity. Modern antacids use Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃. Common application of acid-base chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]

Answer: Liver

Liver converts toxic ammonia (from protein metabolism) to less toxic urea via ornithine cycle. Urea is excreted by kidneys. Key for nitrogenous waste management. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Answer: Lenz's Law

Lenz's Law: direction of induced current opposes flux change (conservation of energy). Faraday's Law gives magnitude. Together they describe electromagnetic induction. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Answer: June 5

World Environment Day (June 5) was established by UN in 1972 to raise global environmental awareness. India hosted the first celebration. Important for current affairs. [[UNEP, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Answer: [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂]

Square planar [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂] shows cis-trans isomerism. Tetrahedral/octahedral symmetric complexes don't. Important for stereochemistry in coordination compounds. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Answer: ADH

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin) from posterior pituitary promotes water reabsorption in kidneys. Deficiency causes excessive dilute urine (diabetes insipidus), distinct from diabetes mellitus. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Answer: 11.2 km/s

Escape velocity v_e = √(2GM/R) ≈ 11.2 km/s for Earth. Orbital velocity is ~7.9 km/s. Critical for space mission planning. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Answer: HTTPS

HTTPS (HTTP Secure) uses SSL/TLS encryption to protect data integrity and confidentiality. Essential for e-commerce, banking, and privacy. HTTP is unencrypted. [[CERT-In Guidelines]]

Answer: Covalent bond

Covalent bonds (shared electrons) have bond energies 150-1100 kJ/mol; ionic 400-4000 kJ/mol (but weaker in solution); hydrogen 10-40 kJ/mol; Van der Waals <5 kJ/mol. Context matters, but covalent is generally strongest intramolecularly. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Answer: Deer

Primary consumers (herbivores) eat producers (plants). Deer eat grass; lions are secondary consumers; fungi are decomposers. Understanding trophic levels is fundamental. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Answer: 20 Hz - 20 kHz

Humans hear 20 Hz (bass) to 20,000 Hz (treble). Ultrasonic (>20 kHz) used in medical imaging; infrasonic (<20 Hz) from earthquakes. Important for acoustics. [[NCERT Physics Class 9]]