Science – True/False – GK Questions

6G (expected ~2030) aims for THz frequencies (0.1-10 THz), enabling ultra-high data rates, holographic communication, and AI-native networks. Research ongoing globally. [[TRAI, MeitY Reports]]

Launched in 2023, the mission targets 5 MMT annual green hydrogen production, reducing fossil fuel dependence and carbon emissions. Supports energy security and climate goals. [[MNRE Reports, NITI Aayog]]

mAbs are homogeneous antibodies targeting a single epitope, produced via hybridoma technology. Used in cancer therapy (e.g., Trastuzumab), diagnostics, and autoimmune diseases. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, ICMR Reports]]

LASER produces coherent, monochromatic, directional light via stimulated emission. Applications: surgery, communication, barcode scanners, LIDAR. Fundamental modern physics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Atom economy = (MW of desired product / MW of all reactants) × 100. High atom economy minimizes waste, aligning with green chemistry principles for sustainable synthesis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, MoEFCC Guidelines]]

Dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused with activators/repressors can regulate gene expression without DNA cleavage (CRISPRa/i). Standard Cas9 cuts DNA for editing. This versatility expands therapeutic applications. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Ribosomes (80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes) translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Found free in cytoplasm or bound to ER. Fundamental cell biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Δx·Δp ≥ h/4π: fundamental limit in quantum mechanics, not due to measurement errors. Highlights probabilistic nature of microscopic world. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

AI trained on biased data may discriminate in hiring, lending, policing. Ethical AI requires fairness, transparency, accountability. Emerging topic for governance sections. [[NITI Aayog Principles for Responsible AI]]

t₁/₂ = 0.693/k for first-order reactions. Unlike zero/second-order, it doesn't depend on [A]₀. Useful for radioactive decay calculations. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

All birds lay eggs (oviparous). No viviparous birds exist. Contrast with mammals where most are viviparous except monotremes. Basic zoology fact. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Plane mirrors form virtual, erect, same-size images behind the mirror. Real images can be projected on screen; virtual cannot. Fundamental ray optics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]

Geothermal energy uses steam/hot water from underground reservoirs for electricity or heating. India has potential in Puga (Ladakh), Manikaran (Himachal). Renewable and baseload. [[MNRE Reports]]

Disproportionation: one species undergoes both oxidation and reduction. Example: 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂ (O in H₂O₂: -1 → -2 in H₂O and 0 in O₂). Important redox concept. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs. Common point of confusion. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

No horizontal force → no horizontal acceleration → vₓ constant. Vertical component changes due to gravity. Key for solving projectile problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Cloud service models: IaaS (virtualized computing resources), PaaS (development platforms), SaaS (software applications). Examples: AWS (IaaS), Google App Engine (PaaS), Gmail (SaaS). [[MeitY Reports]]

Thermosets (Bakelite, melamine) have cross-linked polymers that don't soften on heating; they char. Thermoplastics (PE, PVC) soften and can be remolded. Important for materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Incomplete dominance: heterozygote shows intermediate phenotype (e.g., red × white snapdragon → pink). Differs from codominance (both alleles expressed, e.g., AB blood group). [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Specific heat (c) = Q/(mΔT), unit: J/kg·K. Water has high c (4186 J/kg·K), moderating climate. Essential for calorimetry problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]