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True or False: NCERT has integrated climate change concepts across science and geography textbooks for school education.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NCERT curriculum includes climate science, impacts, mitigation/adaptation from middle school onwards. Aligns with NEP 2020's emphasis on sustainability literacy. Critical for building climate-aware citizens. [[NCERT, MoEFCC Reports]]
AI algorithms in digital pathology assist in:
- Tumor detection and grading
- Cell counting and classification
- Predicting treatment response
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Deep learning models analyze whole-slide images for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker quantification. Augments pathologist workflow, improves consistency, enables telepathology. ICMR validates AI tools for clinical use. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Edible films made from ________ proteins or polysaccharides offer biodegradable alternatives to plastic packaging.
- Synthetic
- Plant/Animal
- Petroleum-based
- Metallic
Answer: Plant/Animal
Biopolymers: zein (corn), whey (milk), chitosan (crustacean), alginate (seaweed) form edible/biodegradable films. Reduce plastic waste; challenges: mechanical strength, moisture barrier. Research at Indian food tech institutes. [[MoFPI Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Multi-messenger astronomy combines gravitational waves with electromagnetic observations to study cosmic events.
- True
- False
Answer: True
GW170817: neutron star merger detected via LIGO/Virgo (GWs) and telescopes (gamma-rays, optical, radio). Enabled study of heavy element synthesis (kilonova), Hubble constant measurement. India's AstroSat contributed to EM follow-up. [[IUCAA, ISRO Reports]]
AI-powered crop advisory systems use satellite imagery and weather data to provide:
- Sowing recommendations
- Pest/disease alerts
- Irrigation scheduling
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Platforms like CropIn, Fasal integrate remote sensing, IoT, ML to deliver hyperlocal advisories to farmers. Enhances productivity, resource efficiency, climate resilience. Part of Digital Agriculture Mission. [[MoA, MeitY Reports]]
India's National Climate Data Centre (NCDC) under IMD archives and disseminates ________ data for research and policy.
- Weather
- Climate
- Ocean
- All of these
Answer: All of these
NCDC maintains long-term records of temperature, rainfall, cyclones, sea surface temperature, etc. Essential for climate monitoring, attribution studies, adaptation planning. Open data policy supports scientific community. [[IMD, MoES Reports]]
True or False: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can modulate gene expression by binding to target RNA and triggering degradation or splicing modification.
- True
- False
Answer: True
ASOs are short synthetic nucleic acids designed to hybridize with specific RNA sequences. Approved drugs: Nusinersen (spinal muscular atrophy), Eteplirsen (Duchenne muscular dystrophy). Emerging modality for undruggable targets. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis aims to replace the Haber-Bosch process by using:
- Renewable electricity
- Ambient temperature/pressure
- Water as hydrogen source
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Green NH₃: N₂ + H₂O + renewable electricity → NH₃ via electrocatalysis. Avoids fossil-derived H₂, high energy intensity of Haber-Bosch. Challenges: catalyst selectivity, reaction rates. Critical for sustainable fertilizer production. [[MNRE Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
Quantum sensors exploit quantum ________ to achieve unprecedented precision in measuring gravity, magnetic fields, and time.
- Entanglement
- Superposition
- Interference
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Quantum metrology uses entangled states, superposition, interference to surpass classical limits. Applications: mineral exploration (gravimetry), brain imaging (magnetometry), navigation (atomic clocks). India's quantum mission prioritizes sensor development. [[DST Reports]]
True or False: Data localization requirements aim to store citizens' data within national borders to enhance privacy and regulatory control.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data localization (e.g., RBI's payment data directive, DPDP Act provisions) seeks to protect citizen data, enable law enforcement access, foster domestic cloud infrastructure. Balances innovation, security, sovereignty. [[RBI, MeitY Reports]]
Climate-resilient crop varieties are developed to tolerate:
- Drought
- Salinity
- Heat stress
- All of these
Answer: All of these
ICAR institutes develop stress-tolerant varieties (e.g., Sahbhagi dhan for drought, CSR varieties for salinity) using conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, genomics. Critical for food security under climate change. [[ICAR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Precision nutrition tailors dietary recommendations based on an individual's genomics, microbiome, and ________ data.
- Metabolomics
- Proteomics
- Lifestyle
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Integrating multi-omics (genomics, metabolomics, microbiome) with lifestyle, clinical data enables personalized diets for disease prevention, management. ICMR's IndiGen project supports genomic research for precision health. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
True or False: Enzymatic bio-polishing of cotton uses cellulases to remove surface fibers, reducing pilling and improving softness.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Enzyme-based textile processing replaces harsh chemicals, reduces water/energy use. Cellulases, laccases, peroxidases used for bleaching, dyeing, finishing. Aligns with sustainable fashion goals; Indian textile industry adopting green tech. [[MoEFCC, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
Direct detection experiments for dark matter search for:
- Nuclear recoils from WIMP interactions
- Axion-photon conversion
- Sterile neutrino decay
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Multiple approaches: cryogenic detectors (WIMPs), haloscopes (axions), X-ray telescopes (sterile neutrinos). India participates in international collaborations (e.g., LUX-ZEPLIN). Understanding dark matter is key to cosmology. [[NCERT Physics Class 11, IUCAA Reports]]
The MOSIP (Modular Open Source Identity Platform) is an open-source solution for building ________ identity systems.
- Biometric
- Digital
- National
- All of these
Answer: All of these
MOSIP, developed by IIIT-Bengaluru, provides modular, privacy-by-design framework for digital ID. Adopted by Philippines, Morocco; India explores interoperability with Aadhaar for specific use cases. [[MeitY, NITI Aayog Reports]]
True or False: Climate litigation cases in India have invoked fundamental rights (Articles 14, 21) to demand stronger climate action.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Indian courts have recognized right to healthy environment under Article 21. Cases challenge coal projects, air pollution, coastal regulation. Judicial activism complements policy efforts for climate justice. [[MoEFCC, Supreme Court Reports]]
Organ-on-a-chip devices replicate human physiology using:
- Microfluidic channels
- Living human cells
- Mechanical stimuli
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Microphysiological systems mimic organ functions (lung, liver, gut) on chip-sized devices. Enable drug testing, disease modeling with human relevance, reducing animal experiments. DBT supports Indian research in this area. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Artificial enzymes mimic natural catalysis using ________ to achieve high selectivity and activity.
- Synthetic polymers
- Metal complexes
- Nanostructures
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Bio-inspired catalysts replicate enzyme active sites (e.g., porphyrins for heme) using synthetic scaffolds. Applications: green synthesis, environmental remediation, energy conversion. Interdisciplinary field combining chemistry, biology, materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Quantum error correction encodes logical qubits into multiple physical qubits to protect against decoherence.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QEC (e.g., surface codes) detects/corrects errors without measuring quantum state directly. Essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Active research area; India's National Quantum Mission includes QEC R&D. [[DST Reports, NCERT Physics Class 12]]
Edge AI deploys machine learning models directly on devices to:
- Reduce latency
- Conserve bandwidth
- Enhance privacy
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Edge AI processes data locally (smartphones, cameras, sensors), avoiding cloud dependency. Enables real-time decisions (autonomous vehicles), works offline, keeps sensitive data on-device. Critical for IoT scalability. [[MeitY Reports]]