Science – MCQ – GK Questions

Lens power P = 1/f (in meters), unit: diopter (D). Positive for convex, negative for concave lenses. Used in prescribing corrective eyewear. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]

India has four hotspots: Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland, Western Ghats. Thar Desert, while ecologically important, isn't classified as a hotspot (requires >1,500 endemic plants and >70% habitat loss). [[MoEFCC, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Tamil Nadu leads in wind energy (~10 GW), leveraging coastal winds. India ranks 4th globally in wind power. Important for energy and current affairs sections. [[MNRE Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration (Krebs cycle, ETC). They have their own DNA and ribosomes, supporting endosymbiotic theory. Fundamental cell biology concept. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Machine Learning algorithms identify patterns in data to make predictions/decisions. Subfields include supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement learning. Key emerging technology topic. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]

RNA contains ribose sugar (with -OH at 2' carbon); DNA has deoxyribose (-H at 2' carbon). This structural difference affects stability and function of nucleic acids. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Interference fringes in Young's experiment confirm light's wave nature (superposition principle). Photoelectric effect shows particle nature. Together they establish wave-particle duality. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Female Anopheles mosquito transmits Plasmodium parasites causing malaria. Dengue/Zika are spread by Aedes aegypti. Vector-borne disease knowledge is vital for health sections. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, NVBDCP Guidelines]]

BOD measures oxygen required by microbes to decompose organic matter in water. High BOD indicates severe pollution. Critical parameter in water quality assessment. [[CPCB Guidelines, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

CO₂ has sp hybridization with two double bonds, resulting in linear shape (180° bond angle). H₂O (bent), NH₃ (pyramidal), CH₄ (tetrahedral). VSEPR theory application. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Control rods (cadmium/boron) absorb excess neutrons to regulate fission chain reaction. Moderators (heavy water/graphite) slow neutrons. Essential for understanding nuclear energy. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks CD4+ T-cells, weakening the immune system. Untreated HIV infection leads to AIDS. Awareness of pathogens is crucial for health sections. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, NACO Guidelines]]

Finely divided iron with Mo promoter catalyzes N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ at high pressure/temperature. Haber process is crucial for fertilizer production. Important industrial application of transition metals. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Montreal Protocol targets CFCs, halons, and other ODS to protect stratospheric ozone. It's considered one of the most successful environmental treaties. India ratified it in 1992. [[UNEP, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Phosphorus (Group 15) has 5 valence electrons. When doped into silicon (Group 14), the extra electron becomes free for conduction, creating n-type semiconductor. Boron creates p-type. Fundamental for electronics. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Baking soda is NaHCO₃ (sodium hydrogen carbonate). It releases CO₂ when heated or mixed with acid, causing dough to rise. Common household chemical with exam relevance. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine provides immunity against tuberculosis, especially severe forms in children. Part of India's Universal Immunization Programme. [[MoHFW Guidelines, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Newton's law: F ∝ 1/r². Doubling distance (r→2r) reduces force to F/4. Inverse-square law applies to gravity, light intensity, etc. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

NDMA, established under Disaster Management Act 2005, is chaired by the Prime Minister for policy planning and coordination of disaster response. Important for governance and current affairs. [[NDMA Guidelines, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Phenol forms colored complexes with FeCl₃ (violet for phenol), used as a test for phenolic -OH group. Alcohols do not give this test. Important for organic qualitative analysis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]