Science – MCQ – GK Questions

Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander touched down near the lunar south pole (69.37°S, 32.35°E) on August 23, 2023, making India the first nation to land in this scientifically significant region with potential water ice. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

PM-WANI (Prime Minister's Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) enables public Wi-Fi through PDOAs/PDOs. Aims to boost digital inclusion and internet penetration. Part of Digital India. [[MeitY Reports]]

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) neutralizes excess stomach acid (HCl), relieving acidity. Modern antacids use Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃. Common application of acid-base chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]

Liver converts toxic ammonia (from protein metabolism) to less toxic urea via ornithine cycle. Urea is excreted by kidneys. Key for nitrogenous waste management. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Lenz's Law: direction of induced current opposes flux change (conservation of energy). Faraday's Law gives magnitude. Together they describe electromagnetic induction. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

World Environment Day (June 5) was established by UN in 1972 to raise global environmental awareness. India hosted the first celebration. Important for current affairs. [[UNEP, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Square planar [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂] shows cis-trans isomerism. Tetrahedral/octahedral symmetric complexes don't. Important for stereochemistry in coordination compounds. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin) from posterior pituitary promotes water reabsorption in kidneys. Deficiency causes excessive dilute urine (diabetes insipidus), distinct from diabetes mellitus. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Escape velocity v_e = √(2GM/R) ≈ 11.2 km/s for Earth. Orbital velocity is ~7.9 km/s. Critical for space mission planning. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

HTTPS (HTTP Secure) uses SSL/TLS encryption to protect data integrity and confidentiality. Essential for e-commerce, banking, and privacy. HTTP is unencrypted. [[CERT-In Guidelines]]

Covalent bonds (shared electrons) have bond energies 150-1100 kJ/mol; ionic 400-4000 kJ/mol (but weaker in solution); hydrogen 10-40 kJ/mol; Van der Waals <5 kJ/mol. Context matters, but covalent is generally strongest intramolecularly. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Primary consumers (herbivores) eat producers (plants). Deer eat grass; lions are secondary consumers; fungi are decomposers. Understanding trophic levels is fundamental. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Humans hear 20 Hz (bass) to 20,000 Hz (treble). Ultrasonic (>20 kHz) used in medical imaging; infrasonic (<20 Hz) from earthquakes. Important for acoustics. [[NCERT Physics Class 9]]

Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) is Rajasthan's state bird. <150 individuals remain due to habitat loss, power lines. Conservation priority under Project Great Indian Bustard. [[MoEFCC, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

SO₂ and NOₓ from industries/vehicles react with atmospheric water to form H₂SO₄ and HNO₃, causing acid rain (pH < 5.6). Damages monuments, ecosystems, health. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, CPCB Reports]]

Medulla oblongata (brainstem) regulates vital autonomic functions: respiration, cardiovascular activity, vomiting, coughing. Damage can be fatal. Critical for neurophysiology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Work function (φ) is the threshold energy for photoelectric emission. Einstein's equation: K_max = hν - φ. Central to quantum explanation of photoelectric effect. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

UPI enables instant bank-to-bank transactions via mobile apps (Google Pay, PhonePe, etc.). Developed by NPCI; revolutionized digital payments in India. Key for banking awareness. [[NPCI Reports, RBI Guidelines]]

Hydrogen bonding occurs when H is bonded to highly electronegative N, O, or F. NH₃ forms intermolecular H-bonds, explaining its high boiling point vs. PH₃. Critical for molecular properties. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Bt gene produces Cry protein toxic to bollworm larvae but safe for humans. First commercially approved GM crop in India (2002). Important for biotechnology and agriculture. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]