GK Questions

AML controls in CBDC: transaction size limits, velocity checks, suspicious pattern detection. Balance financial inclusion with regulatory compliance and security requirements.

Effective crypto regulation: technology-neutral (focus on function), proportionate to risks, adaptable to innovation. Avoids stifling development while ensuring consumer protection and financial stability.

Programmable CBDC with smart contracts can automate tax withholding on transactions, reducing compliance burden and evasion. Requires careful design to balance efficiency with privacy.

Multi-regulator approach: RBI warns on risks, SEBI regulates security tokens, ASCI sets advertising standards. Critical for consumer protection and market integrity in evolving crypto landscape.

e₹-UPI integration tests seamless transactions between CBDC wallets and UPI apps, enabling user choice and ecosystem interoperability. Critical for digital payment evolution and adoption.

Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.

Data centers can purchase renewable energy via PPAs, RECs, or on-site generation. Combined with efficiency measures, enables net-zero operations. Critical for corporate climate commitments.

Permanence safeguards: buffer pools set aside credits for reversals; insurance covers unexpected losses; monitoring verifies long-term storage. Critical for credible carbon offset markets.

Satellite-based forest monitoring (Sentinel, Landsat) enables near-real-time detection of deforestation, supporting REDD+ programs and climate reporting. Critical for environmental governance.

Energy-efficient software: optimized algorithms reduce computational complexity; resource management minimizes idle time; caching avoids redundant processing. Critical for sustainable application development.

Article 6.2 allows countries to cooperate through internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs), with corresponding adjustments to avoid double counting. Critical for flexible climate action.

Carbon-negative concrete: mineral carbonation captures CO2 in cement; bio-based aggregates (hemp, mycelium) store carbon. Critical for decarbonizing construction, major emission source.

Lunar governance involves: Outer Space Treaty principles, Artemis Accords cooperation, UN COPUOS guidelines. Aims to ensure peaceful, sustainable exploration and resource utilization.

Phased array antennas with digital beamforming steer signals electronically without moving parts. Enables adaptive coverage, interference mitigation, and capacity optimization for satellite broadband.

SSLV (ISRO) and similar small launchers provide dedicated launches for mini/micro satellites, reducing cost and schedule uncertainty vs rideshare. Critical for responsive space access and innovation.

CBDC interoperability: APIs enable integration with UPI, cards, wallets; common standards (ISO 20022) ensure seamless data exchange. Critical for user adoption and payment ecosystem evolution.

FATF sets global AML/CFT standards for VASPs: registration, KYC, Travel Rule compliance. Countries implement through domestic laws. Critical for cross-border crypto regulatory alignment.

CBDC inclusion features: offline mode for connectivity-challenged areas, low transaction costs vs traditional banking, simplified KYC for basic accounts. Critical for expanding financial access.

Privacy-enhancing technologies: ZK-proofs verify without revealing data; homomorphic encryption enables computation on ciphertext; SMPC allows joint processing. Balance privacy with regulatory oversight.

Controlled reversibility enables transaction reversal for fraud, error, or legal orders while preserving finality for legitimate transactions. Critical for consumer protection and regulatory compliance.