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Answer: e-Kranti
e-Kranti (National e-Governance Plan 2.0) is a pillar of Digital India focusing on electronic delivery of government services across sectors like education, health, agriculture, and justice. It emphasizes integrated services, cloud adoption, and mobile-first approach for citizen convenience.
Answer: Virtual
Virtual Reality (VR) creates simulated 3D environments that users can interact with using headsets and controllers. Unlike AR which augments reality, VR completely replaces the physical world. Applications include gaming, training simulations, virtual tours, and therapeutic uses.
Answer: True
Gaganyaan is ISRO's ambitious human spaceflight program aiming to send Indian astronauts (Gagannauts) to low Earth orbit (~400 km) for 3-7 days. The mission uses GSLV Mk III rocket and includes multiple uncrewed test flights before the crewed mission, targeted for 2025-26.
Answer: Asymmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption (Public-Key Cryptography) uses two mathematically related keys: public key for encryption and private key for decryption. Examples include RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman. It enables secure key exchange and digital signatures, unlike symmetric encryption which uses a single shared key.
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design.
Answer: True
CBDC design can include holding limits, tiered remuneration, and intermediation models to preserve bank deposit role. Critical for financial stability while enabling digital payment innovation.
Answer: FIU-IND
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) receives, analyzes, and disseminates financial intelligence including crypto transactions. VASPs must register and report suspicious activities under PMLA.
Answer: mBridge / Multi-CBDC
Multi-CBDC platforms (mBridge, Project Dunbar) test cross-border settlements using interoperable digital currencies. Aims to reduce cost, time, and intermediaries in international payments.
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity: additionality proves reductions beyond business-as-usual; robust baselines define counterfactual; independent verification ensures accuracy. Critical for market credibility.
Answer: Smart / V2G
Smart charging: AI optimizes EV charging timing based on grid load, renewable availability, electricity prices. V2G enables bidirectional flow for grid services. Critical for sustainable mobility integration.
Answer: Both A and B
Carbon-aware computing: schedule batch jobs when grid renewable fraction is highest, use geographic load balancing to low-carbon regions. Critical for sustainable cloud operations.
Answer: True
Credible voluntary markets: independent verification of emission reductions, adherence to standards (Verra, Gold Standard), transparent registries. Critical for corporate ESG credibility and climate finance.
Answer: All of these
Urban air quality monitoring: IoT sensors for hyperlocal data, satellites for regional patterns, AI for source attribution and forecasting. Critical for public health and environmental policy.
Answer: Propellant / ISRU
In-situ propellant production: electrolyze lunar water ice into hydrogen/oxygen for rocket fuel. Enables lunar refueling depot for deep space missions, reducing Earth launch mass requirements.
Answer: Both A and B
High-Throughput Satellites (HTS) with Ka-band provide 100+ Gbps capacity for 5G backhaul in remote areas. Critical for bridging digital divide and supporting mobile network expansion.
Answer: True
Cubesat standardization (1U=10x10x10cm) reduces development cost/time, enables rideshare launches. India promotes Cubesats via ISRO and academic programs for capacity building and innovation.
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
Answer: FATF / Financial Action Task Force
FATF provides global AML/CFT standards for VASPs: registration, risk assessment, Travel Rule implementation. Countries align domestic regulations for cross-border consistency.
Answer: Both A and B
Offline CBDC security: secure hardware (SE/TEE) prevents tampering; transaction limits minimize loss exposure; delayed synchronization enables fraud detection. Critical for inclusive yet secure design.
Answer: False
As of 2026, India's crypto regulation focuses on AML/KYC and taxation. Capital requirements for VASPs are under consideration but not yet mandated. Critical for understanding evolving regulatory landscape.