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Which factor is driving semiconductor supply chain diversification globally?
- Geopolitical Risks
- Demand Growth
- Technology Advancement
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Semiconductor diversification driven by: geopolitical tensions (US-China), demand surge (AI, EVs), and tech advancement (smaller nodes). India's semiconductor mission aligns with global reshoring trends. Critical for tech geopolitics questions.
Which architectural pattern uses asynchronous events for communication between loosely coupled services?
- Microservices
- Event-Driven Architecture
- Monolithic
- Layered
Answer: Event-Driven Architecture
Event-Driven Architecture uses events/messages for service communication via brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ). Enables scalability, resilience, and real-time processing. Complements microservices. Critical for distributed systems design questions.
The database type optimized for storing and querying high-dimensional vector data for AI applications is called ________ Database.
Answer: Vector
Vector databases (Pinecone, Milvus, Weaviate) store embeddings for similarity search in AI: recommendations, semantic search, RAG. Use approximate nearest neighbor algorithms for scalable retrieval. Critical for AI infrastructure questions.
Which technology decouples network control plane from data plane for programmable networks?
- SDN
- NFV
- MPLS
- BGP
Answer: SDN
SDN (Software-Defined Networking) centralizes control in software controllers, enabling dynamic traffic management, automation, and innovation. NFV virtualizes network functions. Critical for modern network architecture questions.
The Startup India Seed Fund Scheme provides financial support for proof of concept and commercialization.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SISFS provides up to ₹20 lakh for proof of concept and ₹50 lakh for commercialization via incubators. Targets early-stage innovation-driven startups. Critical for entrepreneurship policy questions.
Which initiative provides a unified interface for citizens to access central and state government services?
- MyGov
- UMANG
- DigiLocker
- e-Taal
Answer: UMANG
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) offers 1,200+ services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, health. Multilingual, voice search, offline access. Critical for digital service delivery questions.
Which model defines shared security responsibilities between cloud provider and customer?
- Shared Responsibility Model
- Zero Trust
- Defense in Depth
- Least Privilege
Answer: Shared Responsibility Model
Cloud providers secure infrastructure ('security OF cloud'); customers secure data/apps ('security IN cloud'). Responsibilities vary by service model (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS). Critical for cloud governance and compliance questions.
The DPDP Act 2023 requires data fiduciaries to implement reasonable security safeguards for personal data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act Section 8(5) mandates technical/organizational measures: encryption, access controls, incident response. Aligns with global standards (GDPR). Critical for data protection compliance questions.
Which Hyderabad-based initiative is India's largest startup incubator?
- NASSCOM 10,000 Startups
- T-Hub
- CIIE.CO
- Startup India Hub
Answer: T-Hub
T-Hub (Telangana) is India's largest innovation campus, connecting startups with corporates, investors, and mentors. Supports deep tech, healthtech, and enterprise solutions. Critical for understanding India's startup infrastructure questions.
The digital platform for filing income tax returns in India is called ________.
Answer: e-Filing Portal
Income Tax e-Filing Portal enables online return submission, refund tracking, and compliance services. Integrated with Aadhaar, PAN, and pre-filled data. Critical for digital governance and taxpayer convenience questions.
Which technique enables machine learning on decentralized data without sharing raw datasets?
- Centralized Training
- Federated Learning
- Data Warehousing
- ETL
Answer: Federated Learning
Federated Learning trains models across devices/servers holding local data, sharing only model updates. Preserves privacy while enabling collaborative AI. Used in healthcare, finance, and mobile keyboards. Critical for privacy-preserving AI questions.
Zero Trust Architecture requires verification of every access request regardless of network location.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Zero Trust assumes breach and verifies identity, device health, and context for every request. Implements micro-segmentation, least privilege, and continuous monitoring. Critical for modern security architecture questions.
The government initiative that establishes innovation hubs in educational institutions is called Atal ________ Labs.
Answer: Tinkering
Atal Tinkering Labs (ATL) by NITI Aayog provide makerspaces with tools (3D printers, robotics) for students to innovate. Fosters creativity, problem-solving, and entrepreneurship from school level. Critical for education innovation questions.
Which platform enables video-based virtual court hearings in India?
- e-Courts
- Video Conferencing
- Both A and B
- None
Answer: Both A and B
e-Courts project integrates video conferencing for virtual hearings, e-filing, and case management. Enhanced during pandemic for access to justice. Critical for digital governance and judicial reform questions.
Differential privacy adds statistical noise to datasets to protect individual identities while preserving aggregate insights.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Differential privacy mathematically guarantees that query results don't reveal individual records. Used in census data, health analytics, and tech company telemetry. Balances utility and privacy. Critical for privacy-preserving analytics questions.
Which cloud security tool continuously monitors configurations for compliance violations?
- CSPM
- CWPP
- CASB
- SIEM
Answer: CSPM
CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management) automates detection/remediation of misconfigurations (public S3 buckets, open ports). Critical for preventing cloud breaches. CWPP protects workloads; CASB governs SaaS; SIEM aggregates logs. Important for cloud security operations questions.
The international standard for information security management systems is ISO/IEC ________.
Answer: 27001
ISO/IEC 27001 specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an Information Security Management System (ISMS). Certification demonstrates commitment to security best practices. Critical for enterprise security and compliance questions.
Which framework provides guidelines for managing cybersecurity risk in organizations?
- ISO 9001
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework
- ITIL
- COBIT
Answer: NIST Cybersecurity Framework
NIST CSF (Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover) provides flexible, risk-based approach to cybersecurity management. Widely adopted globally and referenced in Indian policies. Critical for security governance and compliance questions.
The Metaverse Standards Forum aims to develop interoperable protocols for virtual worlds.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Metaverse Standards Forum (Khronos Group, Linux Foundation) develops open standards for interoperability: avatars, assets, identity across platforms. Critical for avoiding walled gardens and enabling open metaverse ecosystems. Important for future tech governance questions.
Which technology optimizes energy consumption in buildings using sensors and AI?
- Smart Grids
- Building Management Systems
- IoT + AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Smart buildings integrate IoT sensors (occupancy, temperature), BMS for HVAC/lighting control, and AI for predictive optimization. Reduces energy waste by 20-40%. Critical for green building and energy efficiency questions.