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Which CERT-In directive (2022) mandates service providers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours?
- Direction 12
- Direction 20
- Direction 44
- Direction 66
Answer: Direction 20
CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) mandates service providers, intermediaries, and data centers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours of noticing. Also requires maintaining logs for 180 days, KYC for VPN users, and time synchronization. Aimed at improving incident response and threat intelligence sharing.
Which Indian government cloud initiative provides secure cloud infrastructure for government departments?
- AWS GovCloud
- MeghRaj (GI Cloud)
- Azure Government
- NIC Cloud
Answer: MeghRaj (GI Cloud)
MeghRaj (GI Cloud) is India's government cloud initiative launched by MeitY to optimize ICT spending, ensure data sovereignty, and provide secure, scalable cloud services to government entities. It empanels certified cloud service providers and defines standards for security, interoperability, and portability.
The Aditya-L1 mission is positioned at the L1 Lagrange point to continuously observe the Sun without eclipses.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Aditya-L1 orbits the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point (~1.5 million km from Earth), where gravitational forces balance, allowing uninterrupted solar observation. This position avoids Earth's shadow, enabling 24/7 monitoring of solar activities, coronal mass ejections, and space weather forecasting.
The open network initiative that enables interoperability among e-commerce platforms in India is called ________.
Answer: ONDC
ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce) is a government-backed initiative to create an open, interoperable network for e-commerce. It allows buyers and sellers to transact across platforms without being locked into a single app, promoting competition, inclusion, and democratization of digital commerce.
In cloud computing, the customer is always responsible for security 'of' the cloud, while the provider handles security 'in' the cloud.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The shared responsibility model states: Cloud provider is responsible for security 'OF' the cloud (infrastructure, hardware, physical security). Customer is responsible for security 'IN' the cloud (data, applications, access management, OS patching in IaaS). Responsibilities vary by service model (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS).
Which database index type is best suited for range queries like 'BETWEEN' or 'greater than'?
- Hash Index
- B-Tree Index
- Bitmap Index
- Inverted Index
Answer: B-Tree Index
B-Tree indexes maintain sorted data and allow efficient range queries, equality searches, and ordered retrieval. Hash indexes are optimal only for exact match lookups. Bitmap indexes work well for low-cardinality columns. Inverted indexes are used in full-text search engines.
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware for local transaction storage.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Offline mode enables transactions without internet, synchronizing when online.
Which technology enables real-time urban air quality monitoring?
- IoT Sensors
- Satellite
- AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Urban air quality combines IoT, satellites, AI for source attribution.
The metric for IT carbon footprint is called Carbon ________.
Answer: Footprint
Carbon footprint measures total GHG emissions from IT operations.
One carbon credit represents one tonne of CO2 equivalent.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Carbon credits traded in compliance and voluntary markets.
Which ISRO mission is jointly developed with NASA?
- CARTOSAT-3
- NISAR
- EOS-06
- RESOURCESAT-3
Answer: NISAR
NISAR is joint Earth-observation satellite using dual-frequency radar.
Ground station ________ ensures continuous satellite coverage.
Answer: Diversity
Ground station diversity hands off between stations as satellites move.
Artemis Accords establish principles for peaceful lunar cooperation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Artemis Accords signed by India in 2023 for cooperative exploration.
Which quantum application enables simulation of molecular interactions?
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Sensing
- Quantum Communication
- Quantum Cryptography
Answer: Quantum Computing
Quantum computers simulate quantum systems exponentially faster for specific problems.
The technique that removes PII from datasets is called ________.
Answer: Anonymization
Anonymization irreversibly removes/alters PII to prevent re-identification.
Purpose limitation requires using personal data only for specified, explicit purposes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Purpose limitation prevents function creep and ensures consented use.
Which technique enables verification without revealing underlying data?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Biometric Encryption
- Tokenization
- Anonymization
Answer: Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Zero-Knowledge Proofs enable proving statements without revealing data.
Which practice ensures ML models are monitored for performance degradation?
- Drift Detection
- Metric Dashboards
- Alerting
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Production monitoring: drift detection, dashboards, alerting for anomalies.
Service mesh provides infrastructure-level observability, security, and traffic management.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Service mesh deploys sidecar proxies for mTLS, retries, metrics, tracing.
The Indian initiative for promoting electric vehicle adoption is called ________ India.
Answer: FAME
FAME provides demand incentives for EVs and charging infrastructure.