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Which type of solar panel has the highest efficiency but also highest cost?
- Monocrystalline
- Polycrystalline
- Thin-film
- Amorphous
Answer: Monocrystalline
Monocrystalline panels use single-crystal silicon, offering 15-22% efficiency and longer lifespan but higher cost. Polycrystalline is cheaper with 13-16% efficiency. Thin-film is flexible and lightweight but less efficient (10-13%). Choice depends on space, budget, and application. Relevant for renewable energy questions.
The Indian agency responsible for investigating cybercrime cases at the national level is ________.
Answer: NIA / CBI Cyber Cell
While state police handle most cybercrime, National Investigation Agency (NIA) and CBI Cyber Crime Cell investigate major inter-state/international cyber offenses. Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) under MHA coordinates response. Understanding jurisdiction and agencies is important for law enforcement questions.
CSS Flexbox is designed for one-dimensional layouts (either row or column).
- True
- False
Answer: True
Flexbox handles one-dimensional layouts: arrange items in a row OR column with flexible sizing, alignment, and order. CSS Grid handles two-dimensional layouts (rows AND columns). Both are modern layout systems replacing floats/positioning. Understanding their use cases is important for responsive design questions.
Which Linux command displays the manual page for a specific command?
- help
- man
- info
- doc
Answer: man
man (manual) displays documentation for Linux commands, system calls, and configuration files. Example: man ls shows options and usage. help is for shell builtins; info provides hypertext docs; doc is not standard. Proficiency with man is essential for self-learning and troubleshooting in system administration.
The technology that captures CO2 emissions from industrial sources for storage or reuse is called ________ Capture and Storage.
Answer: Carbon
CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) captures CO2 from power plants/industries, transports it, and stores underground or uses in products (concrete, fuels). Critical for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors. India is developing CCS roadmap as part of net-zero strategy. Emerging topic for environment and technology exams.
Hash tables provide average-case O(1) time complexity for search, insert, and delete operations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Hash tables use hash functions to map keys to array indices, enabling average O(1) operations. Worst-case O(n) occurs with many collisions (resolved via chaining/open addressing). Load factor and good hash functions maintain performance. Critical data structure for efficient lookups in real-world applications and exams.
Which JavaScript method is used to select an HTML element by its ID?
- querySelector()
- getElementById()
- getElementsByClassName()
- getElementsByTagName()
Answer: getElementById()
getElementById('id') returns the element with specified ID (case-sensitive). querySelector() uses CSS selectors for more flexibility. getElementsByClassName/TagName return collections. DOM manipulation is core to interactive web development and frequently tested in programming sections of exams.
Which Indian initiative aims to install 450 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030?
- National Solar Mission
- Panchamrit Strategy
- Green Energy Corridor
- Surya Mitra
Answer: Panchamrit Strategy
Panchamrit (five nectars) announced at COP26 includes: 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030 (updated from 450 GW), 50% energy from renewables, 1 billion tonne CO2 reduction, net-zero by 2070. National Solar Mission is a component; Green Energy Corridor enables transmission; Surya Mitra trains solar technicians.
Under the IT Act 2000, intermediaries like social media platforms are liable for third-party content they host.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Section 79 of IT Act provides safe harbor to intermediaries if they: (1) only provide access, (2) don't initiate/modify transmission, (3) observe due diligence and remove content upon actual knowledge. IT Rules 2021 add grievance redressal and traceability requirements. Critical for understanding platform liability.
Which data structure uses FIFO (First-In-First-Out) principle?
- Stack
- Queue
- Linked List
- Tree
Answer: Queue
Queue follows FIFO: first element added is first removed. Operations: enqueue (add rear), dequeue (remove front). Used in CPU scheduling, print spooling, breadth-first search. Stack follows LIFO. Understanding fundamental data structure behaviors is essential for programming exams.
The CSS box model consists of content, padding, border, and ________.
Answer: margin
CSS Box Model: content (actual text/image) → padding (space inside border) → border (edge around padding) → margin (space outside border). Understanding this model is crucial for layout design and responsive web development. Frequently tested in web technology sections of technical exams.
Which Linux command is used to search for a specific string within files?
- find
- grep
- locate
- search
Answer: grep
grep (global regular expression print) searches files for lines matching a pattern/string. Supports regex, recursive search, and context display. find locates files by name/path; locate uses a database; search is not a standard command. Essential for log analysis and text processing in system administration.
Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable electricity.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green hydrogen is produced via water electrolysis powered by renewable energy (solar, wind), resulting in zero-carbon fuel. Contrasts with grey hydrogen (from fossil fuels) and blue hydrogen (fossil fuels + carbon capture). India's National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for production and export.
Which authority is designated as the data protection regulator under the DPDP Act 2023?
- CERT-In
- RBI
- Data Protection Board of India
- TRAI
Answer: Data Protection Board of India
Data Protection Board of India is an independent regulatory body established under DPDP Act 2023 to enforce provisions, adjudicate disputes, and impose penalties. CERT-In handles cybersecurity incidents; RBI regulates financial data; TRAI oversees telecom. Understanding regulatory roles is key for governance questions.
Which HTML5 element is used for drawing graphics via JavaScript?
- <svg>
- <canvas>
- <figure>
- <draw>
Answer: <canvas>
<canvas> provides a bitmap area for rendering graphics via JavaScript (lines, shapes, images, animations). <svg> is for vector graphics defined in XML. Both enable interactive visuals, but canvas is pixel-based and better for games/real-time rendering. Important for web development fundamentals.
In Linux, the kill command always terminates a process immediately.
- True
- False
Answer: False
kill sends signals to processes; default is SIGTERM (15) which requests graceful termination, allowing cleanup. SIGKILL (9) forces immediate termination but doesn't allow cleanup. Processes can ignore or handle signals. Understanding process signals is important for system administration questions.
Which energy storage technology is most commonly paired with solar power systems for residential use?
- Lead-acid battery
- Lithium-ion battery
- Flow battery
- Compressed air
Answer: Lithium-ion battery
Lithium-ion batteries offer high energy density, long cycle life, and declining costs, making them ideal for residential solar storage. Lead-acid is cheaper but heavier with shorter lifespan. Flow batteries suit grid-scale storage. India's PLI scheme promotes domestic Li-ion cell manufacturing for energy transition.
The Indian law that specifically addresses protection of personal data is called the ________ Act 2023.
Answer: Digital Personal Data Protection
DPDP Act 2023 establishes framework for processing digital personal data, defining rights of data principals and obligations of data fiduciaries. Replaces Section 43A of IT Act 2000. Aligns with global standards while addressing India-specific needs. Critical for compliance questions in banking and UPSC exams.
Which traversal method visits the root node before its subtrees in a binary tree?
- Inorder
- Preorder
- Postorder
- Level-order
Answer: Preorder
Preorder traversal: Root → Left Subtree → Right Subtree. Inorder: Left → Root → Right (gives sorted order for BST). Postorder: Left → Right → Root. Level-order uses queue for breadth-first traversal. Tree traversals are frequently tested in SSC JE and programming exams.
Which Linux command displays real-time system resource usage including CPU and memory?
- ps
- top
- free
- df
Answer: top
top provides dynamic real-time view of running processes, CPU usage, memory consumption, and system load. ps shows snapshot of processes; free displays memory stats; df shows disk space. Essential for system monitoring and troubleshooting in technical exams and real-world administration.