MCQ – GK Questions

ISO/IEC 24760 provides identity management framework; W3C DID enables decentralized identifiers. Both support interoperable, privacy-preserving digital identity systems. Critical for identity policy questions.

Digital India encourages FOSS adoption for cost-effectiveness, security, and vendor independence. MeitY's FOSS policy provides guidelines for government use. Critical for sustainable digital governance.

SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) creates synthetic examples by interpolating between minority class neighbors. Improves classifier performance on imbalanced data vs simple oversampling.

Scatter plots display individual data points for two variables, revealing correlations, clusters, and outliers. Foundation for regression analysis and exploratory data science.

Data splitting strategies: holdout (simple split), cross-validation (multiple folds), bootstrap (resampling). Critical for reliable model evaluation and generalization assessment.

Event-driven architecture uses message brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ) for asynchronous, decoupled service communication. Enables scalability, resilience, and real-time processing. Critical for modern distributed systems.

CaaS (Container as a Service) provides managed Kubernetes (EKS, AKS, GKE) for container deployment, scaling, and management. Abstracts infrastructure while retaining control. Critical for cloud-native development.

Malware analysis combines: static (code inspection), dynamic (runtime behavior), sandboxing (isolated execution). Critical for threat intelligence and incident response.

Anomaly detection establishes baselines of normal behavior and flags deviations, enabling zero-day threat detection. Critical for advanced threat protection in modern SOCs.

Responsible MLOps: model cards document limitations, fairness audits detect bias across groups, A/B testing validates real-world impact. Critical for ethical AI deployment.

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) trains reward models from human rankings, then optimizes LLM to maximize rewards. Critical for aligning AI with human values and safety.

Effective tech policy: technology-neutral (focus on outcomes), proportionate to risks, adaptable to innovation. Balances consumer protection with innovation incentives. Critical for policy design.

Telecommunications Standards Development Society, India (TSDSI) develops indigenous telecom standards, represents India in 3GPP, ITU. Critical for technology sovereignty and 5G/6G leadership.

Multiple imputation creates several completed datasets with different plausible values for missing data, analyzing each and combining results. Accounts for uncertainty vs single imputation methods.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) transforms features into orthogonal components ordered by variance explained. Enables visualization, noise reduction, and faster model training.

Histograms bin continuous data to show frequency distribution, revealing skewness, outliers, and modality. Critical for exploratory data analysis and statistical understanding.

Refactor (re-architect) redesigns applications for cloud-native: microservices, serverless, containers. Maximizes cloud benefits but requires significant effort. Critical for digital transformation.

Multi-cloud architecture distributes workloads across AWS, Azure, GCP to avoid vendor lock-in, improve resilience, and leverage best-of-breed services. Critical for enterprise cloud strategy.

NIST SP 800-61 and ISO 27035 provide structured incident response methodologies. Critical for consistent, effective handling of security incidents in enterprises.

SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) aggregates logs, correlates events, and detects anomalies across network, endpoint, and application sources. Foundation for modern SOC operations.