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Answer: Sharding
Sharding partitions data horizontally across nodes based on key ranges or hashes, enabling horizontal scaling. Critical for handling large datasets in distributed databases.
Answer: All of these
NIDHI-PRAYAS (DST) funds prototyping; Startup India offers tax benefits; AIM establishes incubators. Together support innovation from ideation to scale.
Answer: All of these
Immersive tech: VR (fully virtual), AR (overlay on real world), MR (blend virtual/real). Applications: training, education, entertainment, remote collaboration.
Answer: Both A and B
CIS Benchmarks provide hardening guidelines; NIST SP 800-190 covers container security lifecycle. Critical for cloud-native security.
Answer: Both A and B
OWASP API Top 10 lists common API vulnerabilities; NIST SP 800-204 provides security guidelines for microservices APIs. Critical for API security design.
Answer: DigiLocker
DigiLocker enables citizens to store/share government-issued documents digitally. Documents have legal validity under IT Act. Integrates with Aadhaar for authentication.
Answer: Both A and B
OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) and ISO 27034 provide frameworks for secure software development, testing, and vulnerability management.
Answer: CPGRAMS
CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System) enables online lodging and tracking of grievances against central government ministries/departments.
Answer: W3C
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops web standards ensuring interoperability, accessibility, innovation. India participates through W3C India office.
Answer: UMANG
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) offers 1,200+ services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, health. Multilingual, voice search, offline access.
Answer: Anomaly Detection
Anomaly detection (Isolation Forest, Autoencoders, statistical methods) identifies outliers indicating fraud, failures, or novel events. Critical for security, monitoring, quality control.
Answer: Time Series Forecasting
Time series forecasting (ARIMA, Prophet, LSTM) models temporal patterns for demand prediction, anomaly detection, capacity planning. Critical for business planning and operations.
Answer: All of these
Proportion visualization: bar charts for clear comparison, pie charts for part-to-whole (limited categories), stacked bars for multiple groups. Choice depends on data and audience.
Answer: Transparency
Transparency (Explainable AI/XAI) ensures AI decisions can be interpreted by humans. Techniques: LIME, SHAP, attention visualization. Critical for trust, debugging, regulatory compliance.
Answer: Multi-Site Active-Active
Active-active runs full workload in multiple regions simultaneously, enabling instant failover with zero RPO/RTO. Highest cost but maximum resilience. Critical for mission-critical systems.
Answer: All of these
IaC (Terraform), Configuration Management (Ansible), GitOps all use version-controlled code to define infrastructure state. Enables repeatability, auditability, peer review, automated testing.
Answer: All of these
Managed Kubernetes: EKS (AWS), AKS (Azure), GKE (GCP) handle control plane, updates, scaling. Abstracts infrastructure while retaining container flexibility. Critical for cloud-native development.
Answer: All of these
Resilience patterns: self-healing replaces failed instances, circuit breaker prevents cascading failures, retry logic handles transient errors. Combined for fault-tolerant cloud applications.
Answer: Data Protection Board
Data Protection Board of India (under DPDP Act 2023) adjudicates disputes, imposes penalties, enforces compliance. Distinct from CERT-In (cyber incidents) and MeitY (policy).
Answer: Both A and B
High-dimensional handling: dimensionality reduction (PCA, autoencoders) compresses features; sparse representations (L1 regularization) select relevant features. Critical for text, recommendation systems.