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Answer: Convergent
Convergent plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates collide, cause mountain building (orogeny). The Himalayas formed from the convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Divergent boundaries create rift valleys, while transform boundaries cause earthquakes.
Answer: Kosi
The Kosi River is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' due to its frequent flooding and course changes, causing widespread destruction. It originates in Nepal and joins the Ganga in Bihar. The Kosi Project aims to control floods and provide irrigation.
Answer: Canada
Canada has the longest coastline in the world at about 202,080 km, bordering the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic Oceans. Its extensive coastline includes numerous islands, fjords, and inlets. Indonesia has the second-longest coastline among island nations.
Answer: True
The Himalayas are young fold mountains formed about 50 million years ago by the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate. They are still rising at about 5 mm per year. In contrast, the Aravallis are among the world's oldest fold mountains.
Answer: Desert National Park
Desert National Park in Rajasthan is a critical habitat for the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard. The bird is one of the heaviest flying birds and is the state bird of Rajasthan. Conservation efforts are underway to prevent its extinction.
Answer: Milk
India is the largest producer of milk in the world, contributing about 24% of global production. This achievement is due to Operation Flood, which made India self-sufficient in milk production. India also leads in pulses, jute, and spices production.
Answer: Cooling of Eastern Pacific
La Niña is characterized by the unusual cooling of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. It is the opposite of El Niño. La Niña often brings above-average monsoon rainfall to India and drought conditions to the western coast of South America.
Answer: True
Laterite soil is rich in iron and aluminum oxides, giving it a reddish color. It forms in hot, wet tropical areas with heavy rainfall that leaches silica. Found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha. It is suitable for plantation crops like tea, coffee, and cashew.
Answer: Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters. It is a dormant stratovolcano with three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. Kibo's summit, Uhuru Peak, is the highest point. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Answer: Jindhagada
Jindhagada Peak (1,690 m) in Andhra Pradesh is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and lower than the Western Ghats, running parallel to India's east coast from Odisha to Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Mangalore Port
Mangalore Port (New Mangalore Port) is known as the 'Gateway of Karnataka'. It is the only major port in Karnataka and handles petroleum products, containers, and bulk cargo. It is located at Panambur, near Mangaluru.
Answer: True
The troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere (up to 8-15 km), contains about 75-80% of the atmosphere's mass and almost all water vapor. All weather phenomena occur in this layer. Temperature decreases with altitude at about 6.5°C per km.
Answer: Silent Valley
Silent Valley National Park in Kerala is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is known for its tropical evergreen forests and endangered species like the Lion-tailed Macaque. The park was saved from a hydroelectric project in the 1980s.
Answer: Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert in North Africa is the largest hot desert in the world, covering about 9.2 million sq km. It spans 11 countries including Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.
Answer: Bhagirathi
The Tehri Dam, one of the highest dams in India (260.5 m), is built on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand. It is a multipurpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam providing irrigation, municipal water supply, and 1,000 MW of hydroelectric power.
Answer: True
The Equator passes through 13 countries: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, São Tomé & Príncipe, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia, and Kiribati. It divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of manganese in India, contributing about 30% of national production. Major deposits are in Balaghat, Chhindwara, and Jhabua districts. Manganese is essential for steel production and battery manufacturing.
Answer: Jute
Jute is known as 'Golden Fiber' due to its golden color and high economic value. India is the largest producer of jute in the world, primarily grown in West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam. It is used for making sacks, carpets, and textiles.
Answer: True
The retreating monsoon (October-November) occurs when the Southwest Monsoon withdraws from India. This season brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. It is also known as the Northeast Monsoon in these regions.
Answer: Norway
Norway is known as the 'Land of Midnight Sun' because during summer months (May-July), the sun remains visible for 24 hours in regions north of the Arctic Circle. This phenomenon occurs due to Earth's axial tilt.